Samuel was the second known child and first son born to James (age 24) & Sarah (age 21) LINGO. His older sister, Mary T. was 2 years old.

I know his obituary says he was born in Lincoln Co., TN. But Lincoln Co was not established till 1809, so I think it was Rutherford County.

1807 Bedford County was formed from Rutherford County
1807 - Kingston is the capital for one day, September 21st, while the state legislature discusses a treaty with the Cherokee Indians.

1808: June 25th His brother Lee Smith was born in Bedford County (to become Lincoln County), Tennessee, when Samuel was 2 years old.

1809 Lincoln County was established formed from Bedford County.
1809 - 35- year- old national hero Meriwether Lewis dies of gunshot wounds at Grinder's Stand, a small inn on the Natchez Trace. Maybe a suicide and maybe not, questions abound and are never satisfactorily answered as to how the brilliant but moody explorer died.
On the 1810 census there are 20 LINGOs listed: eleven in Sussex County, DE; ONE in New York; three in Virginia; two in North Carolina; and two in Maryland. Federal census records for Tennessee are lost for 1790, 1800, parts of 1810 and 1820, and all of 1890. Only Rutherford County and a portion of Grainger County are available for the 1810 census.

1810: November 28th - His sister Nancy Stuart was born, in Lincoln County, Tennessee, when SAMUEL SANDERS was 5 years old.

1811: 16 December - Samuel, age 6, was living in Tennessee around the time it was shaken by the most powerful earthquakes to ever hit the Midwest - New Madrid Earthquakes.

1812 - 1815: The War of 1812 between U.S. and Great Britain, ended in a stalemate but confirmed America's Independence
1812 - The worst earthquake in US history occurs on February 7th in northwestern Tennessee. A vast land area drops several feet and tidal waves are created on the Mississippi River. The river flows backward into the depression, creating 13,000- acre Reelfoot Lake. Andrew Jackson is a hero of the War of 1812.

1813: January 21 - His sister Elizabeth was born on January 21, 1813, in Lincoln County, Tennessee, when SAMUEL SANDERS was 7 years old.
1813 - The state's first public library opens in Nashville.

1815: March 29 - His sister Eliza was born on March 29, 1815, in Lincoln, Tennessee, when SAMUEL SANDERS was 9 years old.
1815 - Andrew Jackson leads Tennessee troops to victory in the Battle of New Orleans.

1816: September 24th - His sister Eliza (1 yr old) died on September 24, 1816, in Lincoln, Tennessee, when SAMUEL SANDERS was 11 years old.
October 16th - His brother Lee Smith (age 8) died on October 16, 1816, when SAMUEL SANDERS was 11 years old.
1816 became the year without a summer for millions of people in parts of North America and Europe, leading to failed crops and near-famine conditions.
In addition to food shortages, the natural climate change caused disease outbreaks, widespread migration of people looking for a better home and religious revivals as people tried to make sense of it all.
To be alive in the years 1816-18, almost anywhere in the world, meant to be hungry. Across the globe during the so-called “Year Without a Summer”—which was, in fact, a three-year climate crisis—harvests perished in frost and drought or were washed away by flooding rains. Villagers in Vermont survived on hedgehogs and boiled nettles, Famine-friendly diseases cholera and typhus stalked the globe

1817 - Greeneville is incorporated under the laws of Tennessee.
1817 : Oct 20, The 1st Mississippi "Showboat," left Nashville on maiden voyage.
1817 : Nov 10, The Tennessee legislature enacted laws that defined the common boundary with Georgia and created a boundary commission to jointly survey and mark the state border.

1818 - The Chickasaw have ceded their land, nearly all of West Tennessee, to the federal government. But the Cherokee still hold a large area in Middle Tennessee and another area south of the Little Tennessee and Sequatchie rivers in the east.
1818 Jun 1, Mathematician James Camak demarcated the border between Georgia and Tennessee. Due to a faulty sextant and bad astronomical charts he drew the line a mile south of the intended boundary, the 35th parallel.

1820 - Having moved to Columbia TN as a child from North Carolina, James K. Polk begins his law practice there.
An iron forge was established by settler Isaac Love on the Little Pigeon River at the foot of the Great Smokey Mountains.
1820: August 7th - On the 1820 Census his father James is listed in Lincoln Co., TN with a 15 year-old white male in his household. 3 Names before James is John SMITH age 26-44 with 1 Female under 10 and 1 Female 10-15. This could be Samuel's first wife Sarah SMITH.
Name: James Lingo
Home in 1820 (City, County, State): Lincoln, Tennessee
Enumeration Date: August 7, 1820
Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 1 (Isaac Harlan age under 1)
Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15: 1 (Samuel Sanders LINGO age 15)
Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 1 (James LINGO age 40)
Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 3 (Nancy Stuart age 10, Elizabeth 7, and Judith 3)
Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 (Mary T age 17)
Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 (Sarah age 36)
Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture: 2
Free White Persons - Under 16: 5
Free White Persons - Over 25: 2
Total Free White Persons: 8
Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 8

1825: August 9th - Samuel married Sarah P. SMITH. The record indicates he was born in 1805 in Tennessee.

1827: Nov. 5th Son James McEwen LINGO was born in Lincoln County, TN

1830: June 1st - On the 1830 Census we find Samuel listed next to his father James in Lincoln Co., TN.
Name: Samuel S Lingo
Home in 1830 (City, County, State): Lincoln, Tennessee
Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 2 (Isaac Smith "Ike" age 6; and James McEwen age 3)
Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 1 - (Samuel Sanders age 25)
Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1 (Sarah P "Jitty" Smith age 24)
Free White Persons - Under 20: 2
Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2
Total Free White Persons: 4
Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 4

1 OCT 1833 Samuel and his father James each purchased 80 acres of land in Randolph County, Missouri

On the 1850 Census his birthplace is listed as Tennessee.

But on the 1860 and 1870 census Samuel's birthplace is listed as South Carolina.

OBITUARY TRANSCRIPTION:
"Judge Samual Sanders Lingo
Contributor:
Linda Brown
Samuel Sanders Lingo
Died: Judge S.S.Lingo [Samuel Sanders Lingo], at his house near College Mound, on Monday, 25th of June 1877, of cancer in the stomach.
The deceased was born in Lincoln Co. Tennessee, March 1805, moved to Randolph Co. Mo. in 1829 thence to the west side of the Chariton River in Macon Co. in 1844, where he lived until a few years ago, when he moved to College Mound.
At the age of 18 he became a member of the C.P. Church and for many years was a member of the A.F. & A.M. Society. Whilst living west of the Chariton, he served 13 or 14 years as a member of the County Court.
He was married first to Miss Sarah Smith in Tennessee, and last to Miss Nancy Perrin, in Missouri.
He is father of 13 children by his first and 7 by his last wife---five girls and 15 boys--11 of whom are living. This is the only family by the name Lingo known to them.
His father came across the ocean, an orphan and raised the one boy S.S. Lingo.
He leaves a large family and a multitude of warm friends who regarded him in every way a true Christian, a firm citizen, for that which is right both as a neighbor and as a servant of his country, all to mourn his loss.
His remains was placed by the Masonic order in the old family cemetery near New Cambria."
Macon Co. Obituary Listings