Having actually gone "Missing" on the above date, he was not officially declared by the military as being dead until November 25, 1945.
Sam served as a Radioman Third Class, U.S.S. Edsall (DD-219), U.S. Navy during World War II.
He resided in Arkansas prior to the war.
Sam was declared "Missing In Action" when the Edsall, which was trying to get to survivors of the fuel ship U.S.S. Pecos, was attacked in the Indian Ocean by 2 Japanese cruisers, 2 battleships, and 26 Type 99 divebombers (Aichi D3A) which finally sank the ship during the war.
The Japanese cruiser Chikuma rescued only a handful of survivors from the Edsall. Six remains of sailors from the Edsall were later found in a mass grave of 34 decapitated bodies in the East Indies.
He was awarded the Purple Heart.
Service # 3467175
( Bio by: Russell S. "Russ" Pickett )∼The eldest of 7 children (all boys), Sam Gilbert (see end-note 1) was born on 6 Feb 1918 to Henry Julian and Martha Ida "Mattie" Feemster Cassady. Henry and Mattie were residents of Nashville, Howard, AR when they married there on Christmas Eve, 1916. Sam's siblings (see end-note 2) were Elvin Hill "Hillie," Raymond Howard, Kenneth Luther, Wesley Julian, Joe Evans and Donald Ray Cassady.
Henry was a farmer's son and a farmer himself. His sons were farm laborers as they grew into young men. As a result, most of the boys did not finish high school. With a large family to support Henry needed as many of his sons as possible to earn some money to help with finances. As the Great Depression deepened so did the economic impact on families. By 1940, three of the four eldest boys worked as Loggers in a saw mill, and dad drove a school bus for the Nashville public school district.
Like so many youth of that era, Sam felt duty-bound to help his family with finances during the economic hardships of the Great Depression. He was also keen to learn a trade and find adventure. And, Like many of his contemporaries, Sam was lured to the opportunities of the US military services.
About Dec 1938, Sam applied for enlistment into the US Navy at the closest Naval Recruiting Station. Over the next several weeks, Sam completed general aptitude examinations; submitted personal references, completed administrative paperwork and passed background checks. His final requirement before enlistment was to pass physical and dental examinations that were administered in the district recruiting station some 125 miles away in Little Rock, AR. Sam passed those examinations and was sworn into the US Navy (NSN: 346-71-75) on 07 Feb 1939, a day after his 21st birthday, as an Apprentice Seaman (AS) for a period of four years. Because he was 21, Sam did not need his parents' permission to enlist.
Sam was transported to the Naval Training Station (NTS), Norfolk, VA for about nine weeks of recruit training. Upon completion of recruit training about late March 1939, AS Cassady went home for a short stay with the family. He returned to NTS, Norfolk to receive his orders to the new destroyer, USS Craven (DD-382) that was then on maneuvers and fleet problems in the Caribbean. In order to reach the Craven, AS Cassady had to hop rides on several ships. His first ride was on board the light cruiser, USS Concord (CL-10). Then he transferred to the cargo ship, USS Antares (AG-10) on 19 Apr while she was enroute from Norfolk to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. On 27 Apr 1939, AS Cassady transferred from Antares to Craven for duty.
On 2 May, AS Cassady needed medical treatment (issue unknown) so he transferred to the hospital ship, USS Relief (AH-1) for care. Ten days later, Cassady was released from medical care and returned to Craven on 12 May 1939 for duty. Several months later, AS Cassady advanced in rate to Seaman Second Class (S2c). On 24 Mar, S2c Cassady transferred in San Francisco from the Craven to the cargo ship, USS Henderson (AP-1), for a ride to his new assignment at Asiatic Station in Manila, Philippines. Henderson steamed out of San Francisco Bay and under the Golden Gate bridge on 27 May bound for Honolulu. She arrived at Honolulu on 3 Apr and continued westward on 06 Apr toward Guam (19 Apr) and then Manila arriving on 24 Apr 1940 disembarking her designated passengers. Two days later, S2c Cassady reported for duty on board the destroyer, USS Edsall (DD-219). On 16 Aug 1940, S2c Cassady advanced in rate to Seaman First Class (S1c).
Cassady temporarily detached from Edsall in late Dec 1940 with orders to report to the destroyer tender, USS Black Hawk (AD-9) to attend a course of instruction at A.F. Radio school. After successfully completing school, S1c Cassady advanced in rate to Radioman Third Class (RM3) on 01 May 1941
Prelude to War and the Disappearance of the USS Edsall (DD-219)
The threat of hostilities between the United States and Japan grew closer to the boiling point as the year 1941 began. Admiral Hart, determined then it was time to send all of the families of his sailors home. There was push-back from the resentful spouses who initially declined to leave their husbands. It was only a threat to indefinitely restrict their spouses to their ships without leave that finally convinced the families; it was time to comply with orders and return to the continental United States (CONUS). Admiral Hart's directive probably saved many family members from internment by the Japanese or worse. For many of the married and unmarried sailors, it was the last time they would ever see their families.
Then, in July 1941, as Japanese aggression intensified with their move south into lower Indo-China, Admiral Hart warned his officers that he had no doubt that war would come although he didn't know how of when it would start. Hart trained his destroyer crews hard keeping them on a war-footing for extended periods and away from Cavite naval base as much as possible exercising his "defensive deployment."
Ordered to comply with the Adm. Hart's "defensive deployment" well south of Manila, units of the Asiatic Fleet including destroyer tender USS Blackhawk (AD-9), USS Edsall (DD-219) and other ships of Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 57, got underway on 25 Nov 1941, and arrived on the morning of 29 Nov 1941 in Balikpapan, a major oil port on the eastern coast of Borneo.
Upon commencement of hostilities between Japan and the United States on 08 Dec 1941 in the Far East Time Zone, Edsall was at sea with other units of DESDIV 57 enroute to Batavia (Djakarta) when they received the war notice. They were rerouted to Singapore to provide anti-submarine (ASW) protection for the new British battleship, HMS Prince of Wales and the older battle cruiser HMS Repulse, known collectively as Force Z. Both ships were sunk by Japanese bombers on 10 Dec 1941 before DesDiv 57 units could rendezvous with Force Z. The US destroyers conducted search and rescue operations for the crew of the two British War ships, but none were found. It was learned later that several British ships have already retrieved the survivors of the sinking. DesDiv 57 remained in Singapore until 14 Dec when they were ordered to Surabaja, Java.
Over the next month, Edsall helped provide convoy escort and ASW protection to various allied shipping. As Edsall and her sister ship, USS Alden (DD-211), were escorting the oiler Trinity to Darwin, Australia on Tuesday, 20 Jan 1942 Alden detected an enemy submarine. The destroyers promptly began an aggressive, yet unsuccessful initial search. The ships broke off the search and proceeded to Darwin arriving later that morning. Later that afternoon the two destroyers were ordered back to sea to attack enemy submarines off Port Darwin. Edsall and Alden joined three Australian navy corvettes who had located a submarine.
The HMAS Deloraine began attacking the contact and was joined by Edsall. It was soon evident from an emerging oil slick that the two ships had sunk the IJN submarine I-124 in late afternoon on the 20th. Several days later navy divers from USS Holland (AS-3) confirmed the sinking of I-124. Edsall had participated in the first detection, attack, and destruction of a full-sized IJN submarine sunk (at least in part) by U.S. surface forces in WWII. Contrary to the belief of some no code books or any important written information was recovered from the wreck of I-124. No divers ever penetrated the hull of the submarine in 1942.
Several days later on 23 Jan, Edsall sustained damage during another attack on a suspected submarine. One of her depth charges exploded prematurely in shallow water damaging one of two propeller shafts. This damage would play an important role in her eventual sinking about five weeks later.
On 3 February, Edsall and other American units of the American-British-Dutch-Australian Force (ABDA) moved up to Tjilatjap, Java in order to be closer to the combat theater and refueling facilities. She continued her service as a patrol vessel off southern Java. On 26 February, she steamed from Tjilatjap with her sister ship USS Whipple (DD-217) to rendezvous with the converted seaplane tender USS Langley (AV-3) carrying P-40E pursuit planes and crews for the defense of Java. On 27 February, the Langley, along with Edsall and Whipple, came under attack by sixteen (16) Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bombers of the Japanese 21st and 23rd Naval Air Flotillas and escorted by fifteen (15) A6M Reisen fighters. The attack fatally damaged Langley. She had to be abandoned and later scuttled by Whipple. Edsall rescued 177 survivors; Whipple, 308.
On 28 February, the two destroyers rendezvoused with the fuel replenishment ship USS Pecos (AO-6) off Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island some 250 miles southwest of Tjilatjap. A sudden attack by land based Japanese bombers forced Edsall and the other ships to head for the open sea. They headed directly south into the Indian Ocean for the rest of 28 February in high winds and heavy seas. Early in the pre-dawn hours of 1 March, Whipple and Edsall transferred all the Langley survivors to Pecos less 31 Army Air Force pilots. There were now close to 700 personnel on board the ship. Whipple then set off for Cocos Islands as protection for the tanker Belita sent to meet her there. The Pecos, carrying a large number of survivors was ordered to Australia. Edsall had retained 31 USAAF pilots from Langley needed to assemble and fly an additional 27 P-40E fighters shipped to Tjilatjap aboard the transport Sea Witch. Edsall was instructed to return these "fighter crews" to Tjilatjap. At 0830, she reversed course and headed back to the northeast for Java.
At noon that day, planes from Japanese aircraft carrier Soryu attacked Pecos and struck again an hour later. Finally, in mid-afternoon, third and fourth strikes from aircraft carriers Hiryu and Akagi fatally wounded the Pecos. While under attack, Pecos radioed for help. After Pecos sank, Whipple returned to the scene intentionally arriving after dark. She eventually rescued 232 survivors. Many other survivors, although visible to crewmembers on board Whipple, had to be abandoned at sea because Whipple made sonar contact with what was believed to be several Japanese submarines. It was just too dangerous for her to remain in the area.
Edsall may have heard Pecos's call for help or she may have been complying with orders to reverse course and steam toward Australia. For whatever the reason, Edsall reversed course and was never heard from again. The US Navy Department simply said Edsall was lost due to enemy action.
RM3 Cassady was listed as missing in action on 01 Mar 1942. The US Navy Department declared all Edsall crewmembers "presumed dead" on 25 Nov 1945. His remains were unrecoverable. This finding of presumptive death date was fixed in order to take care of settlements and claims. At that point, no one suspected that survivors from Edsall were among many victims of war crimes on Celebes.
After WWII ended, an Allied War Crimes Tribunal was convened in Java. During the course of the Tribunal's investigations, an eyewitness to Japanese executions was discovered and interviewed. He testified that he witnessed the execution by the Japanese of a number of POWs in 1942. He led investigators to the Japanese Execution Grounds mass grave, Kendari II, Celebes, N.E.I. Five sets of remains in a group of about 10 were later identified from ID tags as USS Edsall crewmen. The other five were unknown but were possibly US Army Air force personnel on board Edsall from the Langley. A sixth set of remains were found in another burying ground on Celebes. They were identified by an ID tag as those of Fireman Second Class (F2) Loren Stanford Myers, a crewman from the Edsall.
All of these remains were disinterred and reburied in the US Military Cemetery, Barrackpore, India on 12 Nov 1946. After three years, their remains were disinterred again and reburied in a common grave at the National cemetery at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, MO on 20 Dec 1949. The remains of F2 Myers were reinterred according to immediate family wishes in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, HI on 31 Mar 1950. With the discovery of these remains, their presumed date of death was amended to 02 Mar 1942.
-------------------------------
The Truth Finally Told
Because no known survivors lived to tell the story, the details surrounding the sinking of Edsall remained largely a mystery for more than a half century. Finally, after historians compiled bits and pieces of information from various allied sources over the years, Japanese records and eyewitnesses on the Chikuma recently became available. The new information points to a short but epic battle involving the aging Edsall and one of the world's strongest naval forces of its day.
After Edsall reversed her course on 01 Mar 1942 and steamed away from Java, she stumbled upon Admiral Nagumo's battle force, Kido Butai that had been prowling the Indian Ocean in search of enemy shipping. Unfortunately, Edsall was spotted first. She was misidentified as a light cruiser of the Marblehead class. IJN battleships Hiei and Kirishima and heavy cruisers Tone and Chikuma were detached from the battle force to attack Edsall with surface gunfire.
The old four-stacker began evasive maneuvers frustrating the Japanese for the next hour and half. However, because of the damage done previously to one of her propeller shafts, Edsall was unable to make top speed or maneuver fully. At one point, Edsall turned and launched her torpedoes narrowly missing Chikuma. The Japanese fired some 1400 rounds resulting in only one or two direct hits. The frustrated Admiral Nagumo called upon his carriers to finish off the Edsall. She was attacked by dive-bombers from two Japanese carriers (Kaga, Soryu,) and possibly a third (Hiryu) before succumbing to this devastating attack. The Edsall went down at 1900 hours, 01 Mar 1942, 430 miles south of Java.
Japanese eyewitnesses confirm that at least eight Edsall crewman from a large number of survivors were fished out of the water and brought on board the Chikuma. The rest of the survivors were left to their fate in the water. Chikuma and the rest of the battle force arrived at Staring Bay anchorage, Celebes on 11 Mar 1942. Three dozen POWs, 8 or more from the Edsall and the remainder from a Dutch ship, were turned over to the Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces based at Kendari where they were executed on 24 Mar 1942 near Kendari II airfield.
RM3 Cassady was awarded the Purple Heart, American Defense Service Medal with fleet clasp, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with Fleet Clasp and 3 bronze stars, the World War II Victory Medal, and the Philippine Defense Medal with clasp. He is likely eligible for the Combat Action Ribbon.
-------------------------------
A commemoration in honor of RM3 Cassady's service presented to his family by President Harry S. Truman reads:
In Grateful Memory of Sam Gilbert Cassady, Who Died In The Service Of His Country At Sea, Asiatic Area, attached U.S.S. Edsall, 25 November 1945 (presumed). He stands in the unbroken line of patriots who have dared to die that freedom might live, and grow, and increase its blessings. Freedom lives, and through it, he lives – in a way that humbles the undertakings of most men.
Signed,
Harry Truman
President of the United States of America
----------------------------
Bio #338 composed by Gerry Lawton (G47/GML470)
Military Hall of Honor ID#129465
Find A Grave Memorial Page #232798693
End-note1: In order to enlist, Sam would have to present a birth certificate. If his name on the birth certificate was Samuel then all official navy records (US Government) would read Samuel. They do not. He his called Sam. I know the procedure as I was a navy recruiter during part of my enlisted service. There are quite a few navy records available and all call him Sam including the Arkansas Combat Naval Casualties, WWII book.
{NOTE: while this may be so.. being born in 1918 while he might have been put into the birth register he may not have been issued a "certificate", system being fairly new, so he would have had to get a late issued certificate, being highly common in this time frame, so his name may not have been the same as register or name given by parents}
End-note2: Five of the seven brother's served in the US Military: four served during WWII; Sam died in action during the sinking of the USS Edsall; Elvin Hill, US Army, was killed in action in Germany 2 weeks before hostilities ended in May 1945; Raymond served in the US Army during WWII; Wesley served in the US Navy in WWII. Joe served in the US Army, but was too young for service in WWII. It is not known if Kenneth or Donald served in the US Military.
Sam served as a Radioman Third Class, U.S.S. Edsall (DD-219), U.S. Navy during World War II.
He resided in Arkansas prior to the war.
Sam was declared "Missing In Action" when the Edsall, which was trying to get to survivors of the fuel ship U.S.S. Pecos, was attacked in the Indian Ocean by 2 Japanese cruisers, 2 battleships, and 26 Type 99 divebombers (Aichi D3A) which finally sank the ship during the war.
The Japanese cruiser Chikuma rescued only a handful of survivors from the Edsall. Six remains of sailors from the Edsall were later found in a mass grave of 34 decapitated bodies in the East Indies.
He was awarded the Purple Heart.
Service # 3467175
( Bio by: Russell S. "Russ" Pickett )∼The eldest of 7 children (all boys), Sam Gilbert (see end-note 1) was born on 6 Feb 1918 to Henry Julian and Martha Ida "Mattie" Feemster Cassady. Henry and Mattie were residents of Nashville, Howard, AR when they married there on Christmas Eve, 1916. Sam's siblings (see end-note 2) were Elvin Hill "Hillie," Raymond Howard, Kenneth Luther, Wesley Julian, Joe Evans and Donald Ray Cassady.
Henry was a farmer's son and a farmer himself. His sons were farm laborers as they grew into young men. As a result, most of the boys did not finish high school. With a large family to support Henry needed as many of his sons as possible to earn some money to help with finances. As the Great Depression deepened so did the economic impact on families. By 1940, three of the four eldest boys worked as Loggers in a saw mill, and dad drove a school bus for the Nashville public school district.
Like so many youth of that era, Sam felt duty-bound to help his family with finances during the economic hardships of the Great Depression. He was also keen to learn a trade and find adventure. And, Like many of his contemporaries, Sam was lured to the opportunities of the US military services.
About Dec 1938, Sam applied for enlistment into the US Navy at the closest Naval Recruiting Station. Over the next several weeks, Sam completed general aptitude examinations; submitted personal references, completed administrative paperwork and passed background checks. His final requirement before enlistment was to pass physical and dental examinations that were administered in the district recruiting station some 125 miles away in Little Rock, AR. Sam passed those examinations and was sworn into the US Navy (NSN: 346-71-75) on 07 Feb 1939, a day after his 21st birthday, as an Apprentice Seaman (AS) for a period of four years. Because he was 21, Sam did not need his parents' permission to enlist.
Sam was transported to the Naval Training Station (NTS), Norfolk, VA for about nine weeks of recruit training. Upon completion of recruit training about late March 1939, AS Cassady went home for a short stay with the family. He returned to NTS, Norfolk to receive his orders to the new destroyer, USS Craven (DD-382) that was then on maneuvers and fleet problems in the Caribbean. In order to reach the Craven, AS Cassady had to hop rides on several ships. His first ride was on board the light cruiser, USS Concord (CL-10). Then he transferred to the cargo ship, USS Antares (AG-10) on 19 Apr while she was enroute from Norfolk to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. On 27 Apr 1939, AS Cassady transferred from Antares to Craven for duty.
On 2 May, AS Cassady needed medical treatment (issue unknown) so he transferred to the hospital ship, USS Relief (AH-1) for care. Ten days later, Cassady was released from medical care and returned to Craven on 12 May 1939 for duty. Several months later, AS Cassady advanced in rate to Seaman Second Class (S2c). On 24 Mar, S2c Cassady transferred in San Francisco from the Craven to the cargo ship, USS Henderson (AP-1), for a ride to his new assignment at Asiatic Station in Manila, Philippines. Henderson steamed out of San Francisco Bay and under the Golden Gate bridge on 27 May bound for Honolulu. She arrived at Honolulu on 3 Apr and continued westward on 06 Apr toward Guam (19 Apr) and then Manila arriving on 24 Apr 1940 disembarking her designated passengers. Two days later, S2c Cassady reported for duty on board the destroyer, USS Edsall (DD-219). On 16 Aug 1940, S2c Cassady advanced in rate to Seaman First Class (S1c).
Cassady temporarily detached from Edsall in late Dec 1940 with orders to report to the destroyer tender, USS Black Hawk (AD-9) to attend a course of instruction at A.F. Radio school. After successfully completing school, S1c Cassady advanced in rate to Radioman Third Class (RM3) on 01 May 1941
Prelude to War and the Disappearance of the USS Edsall (DD-219)
The threat of hostilities between the United States and Japan grew closer to the boiling point as the year 1941 began. Admiral Hart, determined then it was time to send all of the families of his sailors home. There was push-back from the resentful spouses who initially declined to leave their husbands. It was only a threat to indefinitely restrict their spouses to their ships without leave that finally convinced the families; it was time to comply with orders and return to the continental United States (CONUS). Admiral Hart's directive probably saved many family members from internment by the Japanese or worse. For many of the married and unmarried sailors, it was the last time they would ever see their families.
Then, in July 1941, as Japanese aggression intensified with their move south into lower Indo-China, Admiral Hart warned his officers that he had no doubt that war would come although he didn't know how of when it would start. Hart trained his destroyer crews hard keeping them on a war-footing for extended periods and away from Cavite naval base as much as possible exercising his "defensive deployment."
Ordered to comply with the Adm. Hart's "defensive deployment" well south of Manila, units of the Asiatic Fleet including destroyer tender USS Blackhawk (AD-9), USS Edsall (DD-219) and other ships of Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 57, got underway on 25 Nov 1941, and arrived on the morning of 29 Nov 1941 in Balikpapan, a major oil port on the eastern coast of Borneo.
Upon commencement of hostilities between Japan and the United States on 08 Dec 1941 in the Far East Time Zone, Edsall was at sea with other units of DESDIV 57 enroute to Batavia (Djakarta) when they received the war notice. They were rerouted to Singapore to provide anti-submarine (ASW) protection for the new British battleship, HMS Prince of Wales and the older battle cruiser HMS Repulse, known collectively as Force Z. Both ships were sunk by Japanese bombers on 10 Dec 1941 before DesDiv 57 units could rendezvous with Force Z. The US destroyers conducted search and rescue operations for the crew of the two British War ships, but none were found. It was learned later that several British ships have already retrieved the survivors of the sinking. DesDiv 57 remained in Singapore until 14 Dec when they were ordered to Surabaja, Java.
Over the next month, Edsall helped provide convoy escort and ASW protection to various allied shipping. As Edsall and her sister ship, USS Alden (DD-211), were escorting the oiler Trinity to Darwin, Australia on Tuesday, 20 Jan 1942 Alden detected an enemy submarine. The destroyers promptly began an aggressive, yet unsuccessful initial search. The ships broke off the search and proceeded to Darwin arriving later that morning. Later that afternoon the two destroyers were ordered back to sea to attack enemy submarines off Port Darwin. Edsall and Alden joined three Australian navy corvettes who had located a submarine.
The HMAS Deloraine began attacking the contact and was joined by Edsall. It was soon evident from an emerging oil slick that the two ships had sunk the IJN submarine I-124 in late afternoon on the 20th. Several days later navy divers from USS Holland (AS-3) confirmed the sinking of I-124. Edsall had participated in the first detection, attack, and destruction of a full-sized IJN submarine sunk (at least in part) by U.S. surface forces in WWII. Contrary to the belief of some no code books or any important written information was recovered from the wreck of I-124. No divers ever penetrated the hull of the submarine in 1942.
Several days later on 23 Jan, Edsall sustained damage during another attack on a suspected submarine. One of her depth charges exploded prematurely in shallow water damaging one of two propeller shafts. This damage would play an important role in her eventual sinking about five weeks later.
On 3 February, Edsall and other American units of the American-British-Dutch-Australian Force (ABDA) moved up to Tjilatjap, Java in order to be closer to the combat theater and refueling facilities. She continued her service as a patrol vessel off southern Java. On 26 February, she steamed from Tjilatjap with her sister ship USS Whipple (DD-217) to rendezvous with the converted seaplane tender USS Langley (AV-3) carrying P-40E pursuit planes and crews for the defense of Java. On 27 February, the Langley, along with Edsall and Whipple, came under attack by sixteen (16) Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bombers of the Japanese 21st and 23rd Naval Air Flotillas and escorted by fifteen (15) A6M Reisen fighters. The attack fatally damaged Langley. She had to be abandoned and later scuttled by Whipple. Edsall rescued 177 survivors; Whipple, 308.
On 28 February, the two destroyers rendezvoused with the fuel replenishment ship USS Pecos (AO-6) off Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island some 250 miles southwest of Tjilatjap. A sudden attack by land based Japanese bombers forced Edsall and the other ships to head for the open sea. They headed directly south into the Indian Ocean for the rest of 28 February in high winds and heavy seas. Early in the pre-dawn hours of 1 March, Whipple and Edsall transferred all the Langley survivors to Pecos less 31 Army Air Force pilots. There were now close to 700 personnel on board the ship. Whipple then set off for Cocos Islands as protection for the tanker Belita sent to meet her there. The Pecos, carrying a large number of survivors was ordered to Australia. Edsall had retained 31 USAAF pilots from Langley needed to assemble and fly an additional 27 P-40E fighters shipped to Tjilatjap aboard the transport Sea Witch. Edsall was instructed to return these "fighter crews" to Tjilatjap. At 0830, she reversed course and headed back to the northeast for Java.
At noon that day, planes from Japanese aircraft carrier Soryu attacked Pecos and struck again an hour later. Finally, in mid-afternoon, third and fourth strikes from aircraft carriers Hiryu and Akagi fatally wounded the Pecos. While under attack, Pecos radioed for help. After Pecos sank, Whipple returned to the scene intentionally arriving after dark. She eventually rescued 232 survivors. Many other survivors, although visible to crewmembers on board Whipple, had to be abandoned at sea because Whipple made sonar contact with what was believed to be several Japanese submarines. It was just too dangerous for her to remain in the area.
Edsall may have heard Pecos's call for help or she may have been complying with orders to reverse course and steam toward Australia. For whatever the reason, Edsall reversed course and was never heard from again. The US Navy Department simply said Edsall was lost due to enemy action.
RM3 Cassady was listed as missing in action on 01 Mar 1942. The US Navy Department declared all Edsall crewmembers "presumed dead" on 25 Nov 1945. His remains were unrecoverable. This finding of presumptive death date was fixed in order to take care of settlements and claims. At that point, no one suspected that survivors from Edsall were among many victims of war crimes on Celebes.
After WWII ended, an Allied War Crimes Tribunal was convened in Java. During the course of the Tribunal's investigations, an eyewitness to Japanese executions was discovered and interviewed. He testified that he witnessed the execution by the Japanese of a number of POWs in 1942. He led investigators to the Japanese Execution Grounds mass grave, Kendari II, Celebes, N.E.I. Five sets of remains in a group of about 10 were later identified from ID tags as USS Edsall crewmen. The other five were unknown but were possibly US Army Air force personnel on board Edsall from the Langley. A sixth set of remains were found in another burying ground on Celebes. They were identified by an ID tag as those of Fireman Second Class (F2) Loren Stanford Myers, a crewman from the Edsall.
All of these remains were disinterred and reburied in the US Military Cemetery, Barrackpore, India on 12 Nov 1946. After three years, their remains were disinterred again and reburied in a common grave at the National cemetery at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, MO on 20 Dec 1949. The remains of F2 Myers were reinterred according to immediate family wishes in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, HI on 31 Mar 1950. With the discovery of these remains, their presumed date of death was amended to 02 Mar 1942.
-------------------------------
The Truth Finally Told
Because no known survivors lived to tell the story, the details surrounding the sinking of Edsall remained largely a mystery for more than a half century. Finally, after historians compiled bits and pieces of information from various allied sources over the years, Japanese records and eyewitnesses on the Chikuma recently became available. The new information points to a short but epic battle involving the aging Edsall and one of the world's strongest naval forces of its day.
After Edsall reversed her course on 01 Mar 1942 and steamed away from Java, she stumbled upon Admiral Nagumo's battle force, Kido Butai that had been prowling the Indian Ocean in search of enemy shipping. Unfortunately, Edsall was spotted first. She was misidentified as a light cruiser of the Marblehead class. IJN battleships Hiei and Kirishima and heavy cruisers Tone and Chikuma were detached from the battle force to attack Edsall with surface gunfire.
The old four-stacker began evasive maneuvers frustrating the Japanese for the next hour and half. However, because of the damage done previously to one of her propeller shafts, Edsall was unable to make top speed or maneuver fully. At one point, Edsall turned and launched her torpedoes narrowly missing Chikuma. The Japanese fired some 1400 rounds resulting in only one or two direct hits. The frustrated Admiral Nagumo called upon his carriers to finish off the Edsall. She was attacked by dive-bombers from two Japanese carriers (Kaga, Soryu,) and possibly a third (Hiryu) before succumbing to this devastating attack. The Edsall went down at 1900 hours, 01 Mar 1942, 430 miles south of Java.
Japanese eyewitnesses confirm that at least eight Edsall crewman from a large number of survivors were fished out of the water and brought on board the Chikuma. The rest of the survivors were left to their fate in the water. Chikuma and the rest of the battle force arrived at Staring Bay anchorage, Celebes on 11 Mar 1942. Three dozen POWs, 8 or more from the Edsall and the remainder from a Dutch ship, were turned over to the Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces based at Kendari where they were executed on 24 Mar 1942 near Kendari II airfield.
RM3 Cassady was awarded the Purple Heart, American Defense Service Medal with fleet clasp, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with Fleet Clasp and 3 bronze stars, the World War II Victory Medal, and the Philippine Defense Medal with clasp. He is likely eligible for the Combat Action Ribbon.
-------------------------------
A commemoration in honor of RM3 Cassady's service presented to his family by President Harry S. Truman reads:
In Grateful Memory of Sam Gilbert Cassady, Who Died In The Service Of His Country At Sea, Asiatic Area, attached U.S.S. Edsall, 25 November 1945 (presumed). He stands in the unbroken line of patriots who have dared to die that freedom might live, and grow, and increase its blessings. Freedom lives, and through it, he lives – in a way that humbles the undertakings of most men.
Signed,
Harry Truman
President of the United States of America
----------------------------
Bio #338 composed by Gerry Lawton (G47/GML470)
Military Hall of Honor ID#129465
Find A Grave Memorial Page #232798693
End-note1: In order to enlist, Sam would have to present a birth certificate. If his name on the birth certificate was Samuel then all official navy records (US Government) would read Samuel. They do not. He his called Sam. I know the procedure as I was a navy recruiter during part of my enlisted service. There are quite a few navy records available and all call him Sam including the Arkansas Combat Naval Casualties, WWII book.
{NOTE: while this may be so.. being born in 1918 while he might have been put into the birth register he may not have been issued a "certificate", system being fairly new, so he would have had to get a late issued certificate, being highly common in this time frame, so his name may not have been the same as register or name given by parents}
End-note2: Five of the seven brother's served in the US Military: four served during WWII; Sam died in action during the sinking of the USS Edsall; Elvin Hill, US Army, was killed in action in Germany 2 weeks before hostilities ended in May 1945; Raymond served in the US Army during WWII; Wesley served in the US Navy in WWII. Joe served in the US Army, but was too young for service in WWII. It is not known if Kenneth or Donald served in the US Military.
Having actually gone "Missing" on the above date, he was not officially declared by the military as being dead until November 25, 1945.
Sam served as a Radioman Third Class, U.S.S. Edsall (DD-219), U.S. Navy during World War II.
He resided in Arkansas prior to the war.
Sam was declared "Missing In Action" when the Edsall, which was trying to get to survivors of the fuel ship U.S.S. Pecos, was attacked in the Indian Ocean by 2 Japanese cruisers, 2 battleships, and 26 Type 99 divebombers (Aichi D3A) which finally sank the ship during the war.
The Japanese cruiser Chikuma rescued only a handful of survivors from the Edsall. Six remains of sailors from the Edsall were later found in a mass grave of 34 decapitated bodies in the East Indies.
He was awarded the Purple Heart.
Service # 3467175
( Bio by: Russell S. "Russ" Pickett )∼The eldest of 7 children (all boys), Sam Gilbert (see end-note 1) was born on 6 Feb 1918 to Henry Julian and Martha Ida "Mattie" Feemster Cassady. Henry and Mattie were residents of Nashville, Howard, AR when they married there on Christmas Eve, 1916. Sam's siblings (see end-note 2) were Elvin Hill "Hillie," Raymond Howard, Kenneth Luther, Wesley Julian, Joe Evans and Donald Ray Cassady.
Henry was a farmer's son and a farmer himself. His sons were farm laborers as they grew into young men. As a result, most of the boys did not finish high school. With a large family to support Henry needed as many of his sons as possible to earn some money to help with finances. As the Great Depression deepened so did the economic impact on families. By 1940, three of the four eldest boys worked as Loggers in a saw mill, and dad drove a school bus for the Nashville public school district.
Like so many youth of that era, Sam felt duty-bound to help his family with finances during the economic hardships of the Great Depression. He was also keen to learn a trade and find adventure. And, Like many of his contemporaries, Sam was lured to the opportunities of the US military services.
About Dec 1938, Sam applied for enlistment into the US Navy at the closest Naval Recruiting Station. Over the next several weeks, Sam completed general aptitude examinations; submitted personal references, completed administrative paperwork and passed background checks. His final requirement before enlistment was to pass physical and dental examinations that were administered in the district recruiting station some 125 miles away in Little Rock, AR. Sam passed those examinations and was sworn into the US Navy (NSN: 346-71-75) on 07 Feb 1939, a day after his 21st birthday, as an Apprentice Seaman (AS) for a period of four years. Because he was 21, Sam did not need his parents' permission to enlist.
Sam was transported to the Naval Training Station (NTS), Norfolk, VA for about nine weeks of recruit training. Upon completion of recruit training about late March 1939, AS Cassady went home for a short stay with the family. He returned to NTS, Norfolk to receive his orders to the new destroyer, USS Craven (DD-382) that was then on maneuvers and fleet problems in the Caribbean. In order to reach the Craven, AS Cassady had to hop rides on several ships. His first ride was on board the light cruiser, USS Concord (CL-10). Then he transferred to the cargo ship, USS Antares (AG-10) on 19 Apr while she was enroute from Norfolk to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. On 27 Apr 1939, AS Cassady transferred from Antares to Craven for duty.
On 2 May, AS Cassady needed medical treatment (issue unknown) so he transferred to the hospital ship, USS Relief (AH-1) for care. Ten days later, Cassady was released from medical care and returned to Craven on 12 May 1939 for duty. Several months later, AS Cassady advanced in rate to Seaman Second Class (S2c). On 24 Mar, S2c Cassady transferred in San Francisco from the Craven to the cargo ship, USS Henderson (AP-1), for a ride to his new assignment at Asiatic Station in Manila, Philippines. Henderson steamed out of San Francisco Bay and under the Golden Gate bridge on 27 May bound for Honolulu. She arrived at Honolulu on 3 Apr and continued westward on 06 Apr toward Guam (19 Apr) and then Manila arriving on 24 Apr 1940 disembarking her designated passengers. Two days later, S2c Cassady reported for duty on board the destroyer, USS Edsall (DD-219). On 16 Aug 1940, S2c Cassady advanced in rate to Seaman First Class (S1c).
Cassady temporarily detached from Edsall in late Dec 1940 with orders to report to the destroyer tender, USS Black Hawk (AD-9) to attend a course of instruction at A.F. Radio school. After successfully completing school, S1c Cassady advanced in rate to Radioman Third Class (RM3) on 01 May 1941
Prelude to War and the Disappearance of the USS Edsall (DD-219)
The threat of hostilities between the United States and Japan grew closer to the boiling point as the year 1941 began. Admiral Hart, determined then it was time to send all of the families of his sailors home. There was push-back from the resentful spouses who initially declined to leave their husbands. It was only a threat to indefinitely restrict their spouses to their ships without leave that finally convinced the families; it was time to comply with orders and return to the continental United States (CONUS). Admiral Hart's directive probably saved many family members from internment by the Japanese or worse. For many of the married and unmarried sailors, it was the last time they would ever see their families.
Then, in July 1941, as Japanese aggression intensified with their move south into lower Indo-China, Admiral Hart warned his officers that he had no doubt that war would come although he didn't know how of when it would start. Hart trained his destroyer crews hard keeping them on a war-footing for extended periods and away from Cavite naval base as much as possible exercising his "defensive deployment."
Ordered to comply with the Adm. Hart's "defensive deployment" well south of Manila, units of the Asiatic Fleet including destroyer tender USS Blackhawk (AD-9), USS Edsall (DD-219) and other ships of Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 57, got underway on 25 Nov 1941, and arrived on the morning of 29 Nov 1941 in Balikpapan, a major oil port on the eastern coast of Borneo.
Upon commencement of hostilities between Japan and the United States on 08 Dec 1941 in the Far East Time Zone, Edsall was at sea with other units of DESDIV 57 enroute to Batavia (Djakarta) when they received the war notice. They were rerouted to Singapore to provide anti-submarine (ASW) protection for the new British battleship, HMS Prince of Wales and the older battle cruiser HMS Repulse, known collectively as Force Z. Both ships were sunk by Japanese bombers on 10 Dec 1941 before DesDiv 57 units could rendezvous with Force Z. The US destroyers conducted search and rescue operations for the crew of the two British War ships, but none were found. It was learned later that several British ships have already retrieved the survivors of the sinking. DesDiv 57 remained in Singapore until 14 Dec when they were ordered to Surabaja, Java.
Over the next month, Edsall helped provide convoy escort and ASW protection to various allied shipping. As Edsall and her sister ship, USS Alden (DD-211), were escorting the oiler Trinity to Darwin, Australia on Tuesday, 20 Jan 1942 Alden detected an enemy submarine. The destroyers promptly began an aggressive, yet unsuccessful initial search. The ships broke off the search and proceeded to Darwin arriving later that morning. Later that afternoon the two destroyers were ordered back to sea to attack enemy submarines off Port Darwin. Edsall and Alden joined three Australian navy corvettes who had located a submarine.
The HMAS Deloraine began attacking the contact and was joined by Edsall. It was soon evident from an emerging oil slick that the two ships had sunk the IJN submarine I-124 in late afternoon on the 20th. Several days later navy divers from USS Holland (AS-3) confirmed the sinking of I-124. Edsall had participated in the first detection, attack, and destruction of a full-sized IJN submarine sunk (at least in part) by U.S. surface forces in WWII. Contrary to the belief of some no code books or any important written information was recovered from the wreck of I-124. No divers ever penetrated the hull of the submarine in 1942.
Several days later on 23 Jan, Edsall sustained damage during another attack on a suspected submarine. One of her depth charges exploded prematurely in shallow water damaging one of two propeller shafts. This damage would play an important role in her eventual sinking about five weeks later.
On 3 February, Edsall and other American units of the American-British-Dutch-Australian Force (ABDA) moved up to Tjilatjap, Java in order to be closer to the combat theater and refueling facilities. She continued her service as a patrol vessel off southern Java. On 26 February, she steamed from Tjilatjap with her sister ship USS Whipple (DD-217) to rendezvous with the converted seaplane tender USS Langley (AV-3) carrying P-40E pursuit planes and crews for the defense of Java. On 27 February, the Langley, along with Edsall and Whipple, came under attack by sixteen (16) Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bombers of the Japanese 21st and 23rd Naval Air Flotillas and escorted by fifteen (15) A6M Reisen fighters. The attack fatally damaged Langley. She had to be abandoned and later scuttled by Whipple. Edsall rescued 177 survivors; Whipple, 308.
On 28 February, the two destroyers rendezvoused with the fuel replenishment ship USS Pecos (AO-6) off Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island some 250 miles southwest of Tjilatjap. A sudden attack by land based Japanese bombers forced Edsall and the other ships to head for the open sea. They headed directly south into the Indian Ocean for the rest of 28 February in high winds and heavy seas. Early in the pre-dawn hours of 1 March, Whipple and Edsall transferred all the Langley survivors to Pecos less 31 Army Air Force pilots. There were now close to 700 personnel on board the ship. Whipple then set off for Cocos Islands as protection for the tanker Belita sent to meet her there. The Pecos, carrying a large number of survivors was ordered to Australia. Edsall had retained 31 USAAF pilots from Langley needed to assemble and fly an additional 27 P-40E fighters shipped to Tjilatjap aboard the transport Sea Witch. Edsall was instructed to return these "fighter crews" to Tjilatjap. At 0830, she reversed course and headed back to the northeast for Java.
At noon that day, planes from Japanese aircraft carrier Soryu attacked Pecos and struck again an hour later. Finally, in mid-afternoon, third and fourth strikes from aircraft carriers Hiryu and Akagi fatally wounded the Pecos. While under attack, Pecos radioed for help. After Pecos sank, Whipple returned to the scene intentionally arriving after dark. She eventually rescued 232 survivors. Many other survivors, although visible to crewmembers on board Whipple, had to be abandoned at sea because Whipple made sonar contact with what was believed to be several Japanese submarines. It was just too dangerous for her to remain in the area.
Edsall may have heard Pecos's call for help or she may have been complying with orders to reverse course and steam toward Australia. For whatever the reason, Edsall reversed course and was never heard from again. The US Navy Department simply said Edsall was lost due to enemy action.
RM3 Cassady was listed as missing in action on 01 Mar 1942. The US Navy Department declared all Edsall crewmembers "presumed dead" on 25 Nov 1945. His remains were unrecoverable. This finding of presumptive death date was fixed in order to take care of settlements and claims. At that point, no one suspected that survivors from Edsall were among many victims of war crimes on Celebes.
After WWII ended, an Allied War Crimes Tribunal was convened in Java. During the course of the Tribunal's investigations, an eyewitness to Japanese executions was discovered and interviewed. He testified that he witnessed the execution by the Japanese of a number of POWs in 1942. He led investigators to the Japanese Execution Grounds mass grave, Kendari II, Celebes, N.E.I. Five sets of remains in a group of about 10 were later identified from ID tags as USS Edsall crewmen. The other five were unknown but were possibly US Army Air force personnel on board Edsall from the Langley. A sixth set of remains were found in another burying ground on Celebes. They were identified by an ID tag as those of Fireman Second Class (F2) Loren Stanford Myers, a crewman from the Edsall.
All of these remains were disinterred and reburied in the US Military Cemetery, Barrackpore, India on 12 Nov 1946. After three years, their remains were disinterred again and reburied in a common grave at the National cemetery at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, MO on 20 Dec 1949. The remains of F2 Myers were reinterred according to immediate family wishes in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, HI on 31 Mar 1950. With the discovery of these remains, their presumed date of death was amended to 02 Mar 1942.
-------------------------------
The Truth Finally Told
Because no known survivors lived to tell the story, the details surrounding the sinking of Edsall remained largely a mystery for more than a half century. Finally, after historians compiled bits and pieces of information from various allied sources over the years, Japanese records and eyewitnesses on the Chikuma recently became available. The new information points to a short but epic battle involving the aging Edsall and one of the world's strongest naval forces of its day.
After Edsall reversed her course on 01 Mar 1942 and steamed away from Java, she stumbled upon Admiral Nagumo's battle force, Kido Butai that had been prowling the Indian Ocean in search of enemy shipping. Unfortunately, Edsall was spotted first. She was misidentified as a light cruiser of the Marblehead class. IJN battleships Hiei and Kirishima and heavy cruisers Tone and Chikuma were detached from the battle force to attack Edsall with surface gunfire.
The old four-stacker began evasive maneuvers frustrating the Japanese for the next hour and half. However, because of the damage done previously to one of her propeller shafts, Edsall was unable to make top speed or maneuver fully. At one point, Edsall turned and launched her torpedoes narrowly missing Chikuma. The Japanese fired some 1400 rounds resulting in only one or two direct hits. The frustrated Admiral Nagumo called upon his carriers to finish off the Edsall. She was attacked by dive-bombers from two Japanese carriers (Kaga, Soryu,) and possibly a third (Hiryu) before succumbing to this devastating attack. The Edsall went down at 1900 hours, 01 Mar 1942, 430 miles south of Java.
Japanese eyewitnesses confirm that at least eight Edsall crewman from a large number of survivors were fished out of the water and brought on board the Chikuma. The rest of the survivors were left to their fate in the water. Chikuma and the rest of the battle force arrived at Staring Bay anchorage, Celebes on 11 Mar 1942. Three dozen POWs, 8 or more from the Edsall and the remainder from a Dutch ship, were turned over to the Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces based at Kendari where they were executed on 24 Mar 1942 near Kendari II airfield.
RM3 Cassady was awarded the Purple Heart, American Defense Service Medal with fleet clasp, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with Fleet Clasp and 3 bronze stars, the World War II Victory Medal, and the Philippine Defense Medal with clasp. He is likely eligible for the Combat Action Ribbon.
-------------------------------
A commemoration in honor of RM3 Cassady's service presented to his family by President Harry S. Truman reads:
In Grateful Memory of Sam Gilbert Cassady, Who Died In The Service Of His Country At Sea, Asiatic Area, attached U.S.S. Edsall, 25 November 1945 (presumed). He stands in the unbroken line of patriots who have dared to die that freedom might live, and grow, and increase its blessings. Freedom lives, and through it, he lives – in a way that humbles the undertakings of most men.
Signed,
Harry Truman
President of the United States of America
----------------------------
Bio #338 composed by Gerry Lawton (G47/GML470)
Military Hall of Honor ID#129465
Find A Grave Memorial Page #232798693
End-note1: In order to enlist, Sam would have to present a birth certificate. If his name on the birth certificate was Samuel then all official navy records (US Government) would read Samuel. They do not. He his called Sam. I know the procedure as I was a navy recruiter during part of my enlisted service. There are quite a few navy records available and all call him Sam including the Arkansas Combat Naval Casualties, WWII book.
{NOTE: while this may be so.. being born in 1918 while he might have been put into the birth register he may not have been issued a "certificate", system being fairly new, so he would have had to get a late issued certificate, being highly common in this time frame, so his name may not have been the same as register or name given by parents}
End-note2: Five of the seven brother's served in the US Military: four served during WWII; Sam died in action during the sinking of the USS Edsall; Elvin Hill, US Army, was killed in action in Germany 2 weeks before hostilities ended in May 1945; Raymond served in the US Army during WWII; Wesley served in the US Navy in WWII. Joe served in the US Army, but was too young for service in WWII. It is not known if Kenneth or Donald served in the US Military.
Sam served as a Radioman Third Class, U.S.S. Edsall (DD-219), U.S. Navy during World War II.
He resided in Arkansas prior to the war.
Sam was declared "Missing In Action" when the Edsall, which was trying to get to survivors of the fuel ship U.S.S. Pecos, was attacked in the Indian Ocean by 2 Japanese cruisers, 2 battleships, and 26 Type 99 divebombers (Aichi D3A) which finally sank the ship during the war.
The Japanese cruiser Chikuma rescued only a handful of survivors from the Edsall. Six remains of sailors from the Edsall were later found in a mass grave of 34 decapitated bodies in the East Indies.
He was awarded the Purple Heart.
Service # 3467175
( Bio by: Russell S. "Russ" Pickett )∼The eldest of 7 children (all boys), Sam Gilbert (see end-note 1) was born on 6 Feb 1918 to Henry Julian and Martha Ida "Mattie" Feemster Cassady. Henry and Mattie were residents of Nashville, Howard, AR when they married there on Christmas Eve, 1916. Sam's siblings (see end-note 2) were Elvin Hill "Hillie," Raymond Howard, Kenneth Luther, Wesley Julian, Joe Evans and Donald Ray Cassady.
Henry was a farmer's son and a farmer himself. His sons were farm laborers as they grew into young men. As a result, most of the boys did not finish high school. With a large family to support Henry needed as many of his sons as possible to earn some money to help with finances. As the Great Depression deepened so did the economic impact on families. By 1940, three of the four eldest boys worked as Loggers in a saw mill, and dad drove a school bus for the Nashville public school district.
Like so many youth of that era, Sam felt duty-bound to help his family with finances during the economic hardships of the Great Depression. He was also keen to learn a trade and find adventure. And, Like many of his contemporaries, Sam was lured to the opportunities of the US military services.
About Dec 1938, Sam applied for enlistment into the US Navy at the closest Naval Recruiting Station. Over the next several weeks, Sam completed general aptitude examinations; submitted personal references, completed administrative paperwork and passed background checks. His final requirement before enlistment was to pass physical and dental examinations that were administered in the district recruiting station some 125 miles away in Little Rock, AR. Sam passed those examinations and was sworn into the US Navy (NSN: 346-71-75) on 07 Feb 1939, a day after his 21st birthday, as an Apprentice Seaman (AS) for a period of four years. Because he was 21, Sam did not need his parents' permission to enlist.
Sam was transported to the Naval Training Station (NTS), Norfolk, VA for about nine weeks of recruit training. Upon completion of recruit training about late March 1939, AS Cassady went home for a short stay with the family. He returned to NTS, Norfolk to receive his orders to the new destroyer, USS Craven (DD-382) that was then on maneuvers and fleet problems in the Caribbean. In order to reach the Craven, AS Cassady had to hop rides on several ships. His first ride was on board the light cruiser, USS Concord (CL-10). Then he transferred to the cargo ship, USS Antares (AG-10) on 19 Apr while she was enroute from Norfolk to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. On 27 Apr 1939, AS Cassady transferred from Antares to Craven for duty.
On 2 May, AS Cassady needed medical treatment (issue unknown) so he transferred to the hospital ship, USS Relief (AH-1) for care. Ten days later, Cassady was released from medical care and returned to Craven on 12 May 1939 for duty. Several months later, AS Cassady advanced in rate to Seaman Second Class (S2c). On 24 Mar, S2c Cassady transferred in San Francisco from the Craven to the cargo ship, USS Henderson (AP-1), for a ride to his new assignment at Asiatic Station in Manila, Philippines. Henderson steamed out of San Francisco Bay and under the Golden Gate bridge on 27 May bound for Honolulu. She arrived at Honolulu on 3 Apr and continued westward on 06 Apr toward Guam (19 Apr) and then Manila arriving on 24 Apr 1940 disembarking her designated passengers. Two days later, S2c Cassady reported for duty on board the destroyer, USS Edsall (DD-219). On 16 Aug 1940, S2c Cassady advanced in rate to Seaman First Class (S1c).
Cassady temporarily detached from Edsall in late Dec 1940 with orders to report to the destroyer tender, USS Black Hawk (AD-9) to attend a course of instruction at A.F. Radio school. After successfully completing school, S1c Cassady advanced in rate to Radioman Third Class (RM3) on 01 May 1941
Prelude to War and the Disappearance of the USS Edsall (DD-219)
The threat of hostilities between the United States and Japan grew closer to the boiling point as the year 1941 began. Admiral Hart, determined then it was time to send all of the families of his sailors home. There was push-back from the resentful spouses who initially declined to leave their husbands. It was only a threat to indefinitely restrict their spouses to their ships without leave that finally convinced the families; it was time to comply with orders and return to the continental United States (CONUS). Admiral Hart's directive probably saved many family members from internment by the Japanese or worse. For many of the married and unmarried sailors, it was the last time they would ever see their families.
Then, in July 1941, as Japanese aggression intensified with their move south into lower Indo-China, Admiral Hart warned his officers that he had no doubt that war would come although he didn't know how of when it would start. Hart trained his destroyer crews hard keeping them on a war-footing for extended periods and away from Cavite naval base as much as possible exercising his "defensive deployment."
Ordered to comply with the Adm. Hart's "defensive deployment" well south of Manila, units of the Asiatic Fleet including destroyer tender USS Blackhawk (AD-9), USS Edsall (DD-219) and other ships of Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 57, got underway on 25 Nov 1941, and arrived on the morning of 29 Nov 1941 in Balikpapan, a major oil port on the eastern coast of Borneo.
Upon commencement of hostilities between Japan and the United States on 08 Dec 1941 in the Far East Time Zone, Edsall was at sea with other units of DESDIV 57 enroute to Batavia (Djakarta) when they received the war notice. They were rerouted to Singapore to provide anti-submarine (ASW) protection for the new British battleship, HMS Prince of Wales and the older battle cruiser HMS Repulse, known collectively as Force Z. Both ships were sunk by Japanese bombers on 10 Dec 1941 before DesDiv 57 units could rendezvous with Force Z. The US destroyers conducted search and rescue operations for the crew of the two British War ships, but none were found. It was learned later that several British ships have already retrieved the survivors of the sinking. DesDiv 57 remained in Singapore until 14 Dec when they were ordered to Surabaja, Java.
Over the next month, Edsall helped provide convoy escort and ASW protection to various allied shipping. As Edsall and her sister ship, USS Alden (DD-211), were escorting the oiler Trinity to Darwin, Australia on Tuesday, 20 Jan 1942 Alden detected an enemy submarine. The destroyers promptly began an aggressive, yet unsuccessful initial search. The ships broke off the search and proceeded to Darwin arriving later that morning. Later that afternoon the two destroyers were ordered back to sea to attack enemy submarines off Port Darwin. Edsall and Alden joined three Australian navy corvettes who had located a submarine.
The HMAS Deloraine began attacking the contact and was joined by Edsall. It was soon evident from an emerging oil slick that the two ships had sunk the IJN submarine I-124 in late afternoon on the 20th. Several days later navy divers from USS Holland (AS-3) confirmed the sinking of I-124. Edsall had participated in the first detection, attack, and destruction of a full-sized IJN submarine sunk (at least in part) by U.S. surface forces in WWII. Contrary to the belief of some no code books or any important written information was recovered from the wreck of I-124. No divers ever penetrated the hull of the submarine in 1942.
Several days later on 23 Jan, Edsall sustained damage during another attack on a suspected submarine. One of her depth charges exploded prematurely in shallow water damaging one of two propeller shafts. This damage would play an important role in her eventual sinking about five weeks later.
On 3 February, Edsall and other American units of the American-British-Dutch-Australian Force (ABDA) moved up to Tjilatjap, Java in order to be closer to the combat theater and refueling facilities. She continued her service as a patrol vessel off southern Java. On 26 February, she steamed from Tjilatjap with her sister ship USS Whipple (DD-217) to rendezvous with the converted seaplane tender USS Langley (AV-3) carrying P-40E pursuit planes and crews for the defense of Java. On 27 February, the Langley, along with Edsall and Whipple, came under attack by sixteen (16) Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bombers of the Japanese 21st and 23rd Naval Air Flotillas and escorted by fifteen (15) A6M Reisen fighters. The attack fatally damaged Langley. She had to be abandoned and later scuttled by Whipple. Edsall rescued 177 survivors; Whipple, 308.
On 28 February, the two destroyers rendezvoused with the fuel replenishment ship USS Pecos (AO-6) off Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island some 250 miles southwest of Tjilatjap. A sudden attack by land based Japanese bombers forced Edsall and the other ships to head for the open sea. They headed directly south into the Indian Ocean for the rest of 28 February in high winds and heavy seas. Early in the pre-dawn hours of 1 March, Whipple and Edsall transferred all the Langley survivors to Pecos less 31 Army Air Force pilots. There were now close to 700 personnel on board the ship. Whipple then set off for Cocos Islands as protection for the tanker Belita sent to meet her there. The Pecos, carrying a large number of survivors was ordered to Australia. Edsall had retained 31 USAAF pilots from Langley needed to assemble and fly an additional 27 P-40E fighters shipped to Tjilatjap aboard the transport Sea Witch. Edsall was instructed to return these "fighter crews" to Tjilatjap. At 0830, she reversed course and headed back to the northeast for Java.
At noon that day, planes from Japanese aircraft carrier Soryu attacked Pecos and struck again an hour later. Finally, in mid-afternoon, third and fourth strikes from aircraft carriers Hiryu and Akagi fatally wounded the Pecos. While under attack, Pecos radioed for help. After Pecos sank, Whipple returned to the scene intentionally arriving after dark. She eventually rescued 232 survivors. Many other survivors, although visible to crewmembers on board Whipple, had to be abandoned at sea because Whipple made sonar contact with what was believed to be several Japanese submarines. It was just too dangerous for her to remain in the area.
Edsall may have heard Pecos's call for help or she may have been complying with orders to reverse course and steam toward Australia. For whatever the reason, Edsall reversed course and was never heard from again. The US Navy Department simply said Edsall was lost due to enemy action.
RM3 Cassady was listed as missing in action on 01 Mar 1942. The US Navy Department declared all Edsall crewmembers "presumed dead" on 25 Nov 1945. His remains were unrecoverable. This finding of presumptive death date was fixed in order to take care of settlements and claims. At that point, no one suspected that survivors from Edsall were among many victims of war crimes on Celebes.
After WWII ended, an Allied War Crimes Tribunal was convened in Java. During the course of the Tribunal's investigations, an eyewitness to Japanese executions was discovered and interviewed. He testified that he witnessed the execution by the Japanese of a number of POWs in 1942. He led investigators to the Japanese Execution Grounds mass grave, Kendari II, Celebes, N.E.I. Five sets of remains in a group of about 10 were later identified from ID tags as USS Edsall crewmen. The other five were unknown but were possibly US Army Air force personnel on board Edsall from the Langley. A sixth set of remains were found in another burying ground on Celebes. They were identified by an ID tag as those of Fireman Second Class (F2) Loren Stanford Myers, a crewman from the Edsall.
All of these remains were disinterred and reburied in the US Military Cemetery, Barrackpore, India on 12 Nov 1946. After three years, their remains were disinterred again and reburied in a common grave at the National cemetery at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, MO on 20 Dec 1949. The remains of F2 Myers were reinterred according to immediate family wishes in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, HI on 31 Mar 1950. With the discovery of these remains, their presumed date of death was amended to 02 Mar 1942.
-------------------------------
The Truth Finally Told
Because no known survivors lived to tell the story, the details surrounding the sinking of Edsall remained largely a mystery for more than a half century. Finally, after historians compiled bits and pieces of information from various allied sources over the years, Japanese records and eyewitnesses on the Chikuma recently became available. The new information points to a short but epic battle involving the aging Edsall and one of the world's strongest naval forces of its day.
After Edsall reversed her course on 01 Mar 1942 and steamed away from Java, she stumbled upon Admiral Nagumo's battle force, Kido Butai that had been prowling the Indian Ocean in search of enemy shipping. Unfortunately, Edsall was spotted first. She was misidentified as a light cruiser of the Marblehead class. IJN battleships Hiei and Kirishima and heavy cruisers Tone and Chikuma were detached from the battle force to attack Edsall with surface gunfire.
The old four-stacker began evasive maneuvers frustrating the Japanese for the next hour and half. However, because of the damage done previously to one of her propeller shafts, Edsall was unable to make top speed or maneuver fully. At one point, Edsall turned and launched her torpedoes narrowly missing Chikuma. The Japanese fired some 1400 rounds resulting in only one or two direct hits. The frustrated Admiral Nagumo called upon his carriers to finish off the Edsall. She was attacked by dive-bombers from two Japanese carriers (Kaga, Soryu,) and possibly a third (Hiryu) before succumbing to this devastating attack. The Edsall went down at 1900 hours, 01 Mar 1942, 430 miles south of Java.
Japanese eyewitnesses confirm that at least eight Edsall crewman from a large number of survivors were fished out of the water and brought on board the Chikuma. The rest of the survivors were left to their fate in the water. Chikuma and the rest of the battle force arrived at Staring Bay anchorage, Celebes on 11 Mar 1942. Three dozen POWs, 8 or more from the Edsall and the remainder from a Dutch ship, were turned over to the Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces based at Kendari where they were executed on 24 Mar 1942 near Kendari II airfield.
RM3 Cassady was awarded the Purple Heart, American Defense Service Medal with fleet clasp, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with Fleet Clasp and 3 bronze stars, the World War II Victory Medal, and the Philippine Defense Medal with clasp. He is likely eligible for the Combat Action Ribbon.
-------------------------------
A commemoration in honor of RM3 Cassady's service presented to his family by President Harry S. Truman reads:
In Grateful Memory of Sam Gilbert Cassady, Who Died In The Service Of His Country At Sea, Asiatic Area, attached U.S.S. Edsall, 25 November 1945 (presumed). He stands in the unbroken line of patriots who have dared to die that freedom might live, and grow, and increase its blessings. Freedom lives, and through it, he lives – in a way that humbles the undertakings of most men.
Signed,
Harry Truman
President of the United States of America
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Bio #338 composed by Gerry Lawton (G47/GML470)
Military Hall of Honor ID#129465
Find A Grave Memorial Page #232798693
End-note1: In order to enlist, Sam would have to present a birth certificate. If his name on the birth certificate was Samuel then all official navy records (US Government) would read Samuel. They do not. He his called Sam. I know the procedure as I was a navy recruiter during part of my enlisted service. There are quite a few navy records available and all call him Sam including the Arkansas Combat Naval Casualties, WWII book.
{NOTE: while this may be so.. being born in 1918 while he might have been put into the birth register he may not have been issued a "certificate", system being fairly new, so he would have had to get a late issued certificate, being highly common in this time frame, so his name may not have been the same as register or name given by parents}
End-note2: Five of the seven brother's served in the US Military: four served during WWII; Sam died in action during the sinking of the USS Edsall; Elvin Hill, US Army, was killed in action in Germany 2 weeks before hostilities ended in May 1945; Raymond served in the US Army during WWII; Wesley served in the US Navy in WWII. Joe served in the US Army, but was too young for service in WWII. It is not known if Kenneth or Donald served in the US Military.
