1824
Louise (Kabidokwe) Robidoux was born at La Pointe, Madeline Island, Wisconsin to Wabichechikwe and Jean Baptiste Robidoux. Wabichechikwe (Marguerite Wechkin) was born about 1801 in the Ojibwe village of Lac Coutereille. Marguerite Wechkin was baptised on August 28, 1836 at St. Joseph Mission at La Pointe. On July 11, 1818, Jean B. Robidoux was hired by the American Fur Company and was engaged as a boatman at Lac Courtoreille. In 1839 Francois Xavier Robidoux was born to Jean Baptiste Robidoux and Marguerite Wechkin. He was baptised on August 11, 1830 at St. Joseph Mission at La Pointe. Francois Xavier is listed on the Mixed Blood Chippewa of Lake Superior of 1839. Per St. Joseph Mission Burial Records: Joan (Jean) Baptiste Robidoux was buried on August 10, 1840, age 54 years. Parents: Blank; Priest: Frederic Baraga.
Per Baptiste St. Martin's Index and Heirship Card: Louise Robidoux's Indian name was Kabidokwe and Etienne St. Martin was called St. Martin (white man).
1835
ST. JOSEPH MISSION
In July of 1835 Father Frederic Baraga established St. Joseph Catholic Mission with an adjacent cemetery.
1836
BAPTISMAL RECORDS, 1835-1887, KEPT AT LAPOINTE AND BAYFIELD, INDIAN MISSIONS. BY FATHER IRANEUS FREDERIC BARAGA: ROBIDOUX, LOUIS: AGED 12 YEARS OF LAPOINTE, THE DAUGHTER OF JEAN BAPTISTE ROBIDOUX AND WABICHECHIKWE; BAPTIZED 03 MAY 1836; GODPARENTS: JOSEPH LABATTE AND LOUISE BEAUBIEN.
1837
TREATY WITH THE CHIPPEWA AT ST. PETERS, TERRITORY OF MICHIGAN, JULY 29, 1837
1838
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AND HOLY FAMILY CATHOLIC CHURCH MARIAGE RECORDS 1835-1880: STEPHANUS ST. MARTIN, AGE 28, OF LA POINTE, MARRIED ON 08 JULY 1838, LUDOVICA ROBIDOUX, AGE 14, OF LA POINTE. WITNESSES: ANT. PERINNIER AND J. P. RAQUIN. PRIEST: FREDERIC BARAGA.
"Étienne".....French equivalent of Stephen.
1839
A LIST OF THE MIXED BLOOD CHIPPEWA OF LAKE SUPERIOR, 1839
When the Lake Superior Chippewa bands agreed to the treaty of July 29, 1837 at St. Peters, article three of that treaty allowed the sum of $100,000 to be distributed to the "half breeds" of the bands participating in the treaty, to be done under the direction of the president. As was customary at the time, the president appointed a commissioner, Lucius Lyon, to take testimony and produce a roll of claimants. Lyon traveled to La Pointe on Madeleine Island in Lake Superior in the fall of 1839, took testimony from those who believed themselves entitled to share in the money and prepared a roll which was submitted to the chiefs who in council made the final decisions on who was to receive the payment. The roll was submitted by Henry R. Schoolcraft who was acting disbursing agent for the Michigan Superintendency and is not part of his file in the Indian Accounts of the 2nd Auditor, Records of the General Accounting Office (RG 217) at the National Archives Records Center, Suitland, Maryland.
The roll lists 880 claimants to the money, all of whom presumably believed themselves to be mixed blood Chippewa. The roll provided the name of the claimant (usually the husband or father), the names of those in whose right the claim was made (the actual mixed bloods), the fraction of Chippewa blood, the residence and birthplace of each person and whether the claim was accepted or rejected. In total, the roll provided a sort of census of a substantial portion of the white and part white population of the western Lake Superior area. Like any census though the information must be used with caution. While deliberate intent to deceive the authorities has not been detected, there are likely to be errors or misinterpretations, compounded by the difficulties of mixed cultures and languages. For example the ½ fraction in some cases may not be exactly accurate, but rather a numerical notation of the term "half breed," which was often used in a general sense to mean anyone of mixed ancestry. This roll was submitted and ratified by the chiefs of the Chippewa Nation on the 7th day of September 1839. The two most common reasons for rejection were "residing outside the area ceded by the treaty" and not being related to the particular bands participating in the treaty.
# 790
Name: Jean B. Robideaux
In Whose Right: Xavier Robideaux
Blood: 1/2
Age: 7 days
Res: Lap (La Pointe)
Birth Place: Lap (La Pointe)
Decision: Admitted
# 848
Name: Etienne St. Martin
In Whose Right: Louise St. Martin
Blood: 1/2
Age: 15
Res: Lap
Birth Place: Lap
Decision: Rej
1840
1840 United States Federal Census
Name: Jean B. Robideaux
Home in 1840: Eastern Division, Saint Croix, Wisconsin Territory
Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 1 (Francois X. Robidoux)
Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1
Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39: 1 (Stephen St. Martin)
Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 (Jean B. Robidoux)
Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1
Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1 (Louise Robidoux St. Martin)
Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 (Wabichechikwe/Marguerite Wechkin)
Persons Employed in Manufacture and Trade: 2
No. White Persons over 20 Who Cannot Read and Write: 3
Free White Persons - Under 20: 4
Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 3
Total Free White Persons: 7
Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 7
Source Citation: Year: 1840; Census Place: Eastern Division, Saint Croix, Wisconsin Territory; Roll: 580; Page: 15; Image: 38; Family History Library Film: 0034498.
In 1840 Etienne (Stephen) and Louise St. Martin were living with her parents, Jean B. Robidoux and Wabichechikwe in Saint Croix County, Wisconsin Territory.
CHILDREN OF LOUISE ST. MARTIN
Listed in the 1860 United States Federal Census for Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin, page 7, Edward St. Martin, age 18 years, living as a pauper. In 1860, Baptiste was living with the Ira Isham family in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. In 1860, Margaret St. Martin was living with the Scofield (Schofield) family, in Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin. In 1860 Joseph Adolph Dugal was living with the Batise la Sait family in Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin. When the children grew older, they lived near one another, in Sigel/Edson, Chippewa, Wisconsin.
PETER EDWARD ST. MARTIN
Edward (Peter Edward) St. Martin married Mary Ann Murney. After Peter Edward died, Mary Ann Murney St. Martin and her remaining living children, Peter, James and daughter, Maggie (Maggie was the daughter of Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin) went to The Chippewa County Poor Farm to live. Daughters, Mary Elisabeth and Marium Estellam had died. As stated in the Eau Claire Leader, September 21, 1911, Roger McMillan as a young man, several years ago, came to work for Mrs. St. Martin on the farm. Together Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin had three children, Margaret being the eldest, being born in 1898. Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin lived together as husband and wife but were never married.
1841
BAPTISMAL INDEX 1835-1851
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AT LA POINTE
Last Name: St. Martin
First Name: Edward
Birth Date: January 16, 1841
Baptism Date: January 24, 1841
Place of Birth: LP
Father's Name: Stephen
Mother's Name: Robidoux, Louise
LOUISE ST. MARTIN
Louise St. Martin and Caesar Beaudin were married by Reverend Benedict Smeddinck, at Notre Dame Catholic Church, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, April 25,1868. Abraham and Adeline Hebert were their witnesses. Caesar Beaudin and Louise St. Martin had eight children. Charles, their first born, was born August 9, 1870. Ludger was killed in a car accident in 1955. Joseph was killed in a horse and train accident, near Boyd, Wisconsin in 1927. Matilda died of pneumonia in 1902.
It is stated on Louise St. Martin Beaudin's (Boudia) Record of Interment at St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Boyd, Wisconsin, that she was born at Pike Lake, near an Indian Reservation. I was told by Glen and Lorraine Beaudin, that Louise was an Ojibwe Indian and that she made moccasins and caps out of leather. Louise and her family lived in a hut by an Indian settlement near Pike Lake. Lorraine told a story of how Louise walked five miles to carry her daughter, Matilda, home from visiting her aunt, Margaret St. Martin McKay. Matilda was sick with pneumonia and later died that night, at 13 years of age. Louise is buried, next to her daughter, Matilda, at St. Joseph Catholic Cemetery, Boyd, Chippewa, Wisconsin. Lorraine said that Louise was a strong and dedicated mother.
BAPTISTE ST. MARTIN
1845
BAPTISMAL INDEX 1835-1851
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AT LA POINTE
Last Name: Saint Martin
First Name: Jean Baptiste
Birth Date: October 1, 1845
Baptism Date: August 4, 1846
Place of Birth: Riviere Sauteux
Father's Name:
Mother's Name:
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Baptise St. Martin
Age in 1860: 12
Birth Year: abt 1848
Birth Place: Wisconsin
Home in 1860: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Race: Mulatto
Gender: Male
Post Office: Chippewa Falls
Household Members:
Ira Isham, 23
Mary Isham, 22 Bofkinik/Boskin/Chippewa River Band
Ira Isham, 5
Emily Isham, 2
Baptise St. Martin, 12
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 40; Image: 45; Family History Library Film: 805401.
1880
WISCONSIN STATE PRISON
In 1880, Baptiste St. Martin was serving 4 years, at the Wisconsin State Prison, Waupun, Dodge, Wisconsin, for 3rd degree manslaughter. On July 21, 1877, Baptiste St. Martin went to town to get his farm equipment (auger) repaired. The blacksmith's wife told him that her husband was up the river and that he would be back around dinner time. Baptiste decided to visit a nearby saloon in Cadott Falls, owned by William Kilpatrick. Henry Mann was also drinking at the same bar Baptiste was partaking of alcohol. The men were topping (rolling) dice for beers. They topped several times and drank. Baptiste told Henry Mann that he could throw down any man in Cadott.....the best man in Cadott. Henry told Baptiste that he could not throw him (Henry) down.....the two men got in a clinch on the floor and Henry Mann threw Baptiste down. This made Baptiste angry. Baptiste was asked to leave the saloon. As he was walking towards to door, Baptiste picked up his auger, turned about and hit Henry Mann in the head. Baptiste struck Henry a second time, just above the first blow. William Kilpatrick then picked up Baptiste and threw him out of the saloon. William Kilpatrick placed a cloth on Henry Mann's wound and he and another man walked Henry home. Henry Mann died on September 2, 1877. Baptiste was arrested (he claimed self defense) and was convected of 3rd degree manslaughter on December 3, 1877.
MARGARET ST. MARTIN
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Thomas Scofield
Age in 1860: 50
Birth Year: abt 1810
Birth Place: Vermont
Home in 1860: Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Gender: Male
Post Office: Lafayette
Occupation: Lumberman
Household Members:
Thomas Scofield, 50
Landen Scofield, 30
Marvin Scofield, 14
Lorenzo Scofield, 10
Manly Scofield, 5
Edward Scofield, 1
Margaret St. Martin, 9
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 58; Image: 63; Family History Library Film: 805401.
In 1868 Margaret St. Martin married Robert Edward McKay. They had eight children, of which three lived to adulthood; Anna, Eva and Robert Francis (Frank). I was told that one day, one of Margaret's babies stumbled into a bull pin. Margaret was able to save her child but the bull gouged out one of her eyes. Margaret had also developed a severe case of diabetes.
1848
In 1848 and 1849 George P. Warren operated the fur post at Chippewa Falls. There were multiple Ojibwe villages on the Chippewa River at that time, including Rice Lake and Lake Shatac (Chetek). The United States Government treated them as satellite villages of the Lac Courte Oreilles Band.
In 1848, Wisconsin achieved statehood.
1850
ANNUITY ROLL FOR THE MISSISSIPPI & LAKE SUPERIOR CHIPPEWA, NOVEMBER 28, 1850
We the chief headmen, heads of families and individuals without families of the Chippewas of the Mississippi and Lake Superior, within the Sub-agency of Sandy Lake, acknowledge the receipt from John B. Watrous, sub-agent at Sandy Lake of the sum of twenty thousand, two hundred twenty seven, and 76/100th dollars in goods, it being no(w) full of the sum of nineteen thousand dollars no(w) good under the 2a Article of the Treaty of the 29th of July 1837 and two thousand five hundred dollars in goods under the 4th article of the Treaty of October 4, 1842, the same being in full of the annuity due our tribe in goods from the year 1850, except said fund of two hundred and seventy two and 24/100th dollars not being accounted for.
INCLUDED IN THIS ANNUITY ROLL ARE THE HEADS OF FAMILY FOR THE FOLLOWING BANDS:
La Pointe Bands (246 families)
Fond Du Lac Bands (187 families)
Lac Du Flambeau Bands (89 families)
Wisconsin River Bands (83 families)
Chippewa River Bands (101 families)
Lac Courtrielles Bands (60 families)
Lac Chatak Bands (44 families)
Long Lake Bands (54 families)
Puk-wa-wung Bands (27 families)
St. Croix River Bands (27 families)
Yellow Lake Bands (38 families)
Snake River Bands (62 families)
Pukagumah Bands #1 (53 families)
Grand Portage Bands (48 families)
Mississippi Bands (208 families)
Sandy Lake Bands (86 families)
Mille Lac Bands (89 families)
Pukagumah Bands #2 (17 families)
Pillager Bands-Chippewa (300 families)
NUMBER OF FAMILY: 47
CHIPPEWA RIVER BAND HEAD OF FAMILY: Louis (Louise) St. Martin
MARK: X
MALE: 0
FEMALE: 1
CHILDREN: 4
TOTAL: 5
The Sandy Lake Annuity Roll of November 28, 1850 lists a St. Martin family as #47 under the Chippewa River Band.....one Louis (Louise) St. Martin and 4 children.
DEATH MARCH TO SANDY LAKE
Throughout the fall of 1850, four officials of Zachary Taylor's administration conspired to lure the Lake Superior Chippewa Indians away from their lands in Northern Wisconsin and Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Two of these officials, Secretary of the Interior Thomas Ewing and Commissioner of Indian Affairs Orlando Brown, provided the initial approval for the plan but they did not remain in office long enough to witness its disastrous results. The others, Minnesota Territory's governor, Alexander Ramsey and Sub-Agent John Watrous, were directly involved as prime movers from start to end. By moving the place for the annual annuity payments to a new temporary sub-agency at Sandy Lake on the east bank of the upper Mississippi and by stalling the delivery of annuity goods and money, they planned to trap the Chippewa by winter weather, thus forcing them to remain at this remote, isolated location. This scheme, kept secret from both local Americans and the Chippewa, was designed to break the tenacious resistance of these Indians, who had rebuffed earlier efforts to persuade them to resettle in northwestern Minnesota. The stratagem failed. It succeeded only in reinforcing the opposition of the Chippewa to relocation even though it had killed large numbers of them: of the some three thousand who gathered at Sandy Lake in early October, some four hundred died before the survivors could make their way back to their homes by the following January.
1853
In the winter of 1853-1854, a smallpox epidemic claimed the lives of many residents of La Pointe.
LOUISE ROBIDOUX AND PRUDENT DUGAL
TOLD BY DAVID DUGAL
"Great Grandpa Dugal (Pete) married a widow with four children. One of these children married Ed McKay who is Frank McKay's father. Pete Dugal and the widow had one child.....Joe Dugal. Frank McKay and Anna McKay are brother and sister. Anna McKay married Joe Barrington (George Barrington)."
MY THOUGHTS
Etienne (Stephen) St. Martin may have died between 1850-1854. Louise and her four children were included in the Sandy Lake Annuity Roll, November 28, 1850. Louise Robidoux St. Martin married Prudent (Pete) Dugal before 1855. Prudent (Pete) Dugal and Louise had a son, Joseph Adolph Dugal, born in 1855. Prudent (Pete) Dugal married a woman by the name of Louisa (Louise), per Certificate of Death. This Louise was the widow of Etienne (Stephen) St. Martin and the mother of Edward (Peter Edward), Louise, Baptiste and Margaret. Prudent (Pete) married a widow with four children, one child, a daughter, married Robert Edward McKay. This daughter, Margaret St. Martin, married Robert Edward McKay.
1851
1851 Census of Canada
Name: Prudent Dugal
Gender: Male
Age: 38
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1814
Birthplace: Cap Sauté
Born of Canadian Parents: Yes
Province: Canada East (Quebec)
District: St. Maurice County
District Number: 26
Sub District: Ste Anne
Sub District Number: 386
Page: 131
Line: 2
Roll: C_1139
Schedule: A
1880
In 1880 Prudent Dugal was widowed and living with his son and daughter-in-law, Joseph and Anna Dugal, in Anson, Chippewa, Wisconsin. The census states that he is 66 years of age, born 1814, in Canada.
Eau Claire, Wisconsin Directories
Name: Peter Dugal (Prudent)
City: Chippewa Falls
State: WI
Year: 1889, 1890
Location: 35 N. Main
Eau Claire, Wisconsin Directories
Name: Joseph Dugal
City: Chippewa Falls
State: WI
Occupation: Laborer
Year: 1889, 1890
Location: 35 N. Main
1900
Wisconsin Deaths
Name: Prudman Dugal
Death Date: January 7, 1900
County: Chippewa
Volume: 01
Page #: 0381
Image Num: 101231
Sequence #: 089478
Level Info: Wisconsin Vital Records Death Index.
OBITUARY
90 YEARS OLD
-----------------------
Prudent Dugal Dies Sunday Night
at His Home on
Main Street
-----------------------
Was the First Blacksmith in Chippewa Falls, a Veteran of the Mexican War
-----------------------
There lies dead in his coffin at his home, on Main street, South Side, Prudent Dugal, one of the very oldest residents of the city. His demise occurred Sunday evening at 7 o'clock.
Mr. Dugal was born in Three Rivers, Canada, in 1810, and came to Chippewa when there were but two or three white folks here. The city at that time was the only settlement in the Chippewa valley, and consisted of a blacksmith shop and one or two dwellings located where the farm of Patrick O'Neil now is, five miles north of where the city is located. He came on a visit to Jean Burnett, the oldest settler, and intended to return, but after remaining a year found that the country was destined to become more populated, and he remained. He was the leader of a large colony of Canadians who afterward settled and who were identified with the early settlement of the city. His mind was clear especially upon matters of long-gone history. He remembered very well the early days when he came up the river, and at times was characteristically reminiscent over events and people he knew who pioneered in the Chippewa county and noted with pleasure the changes that had occurred from the early days. Going back into his early career the old man used to talk of the days when he carried a chain and guided surveying parties through the primeval forest, and he often remarked that he had a pathfinder on the very spot where he helped stake out the city and where he has spent his declining years.
Considering the long time that he has lived his health has been comparatively good to the last, and the evening of his days closed gently in after ninety years of existence. Death was due to the general wearing out of his system.
Mr. Dugal was the first blacksmith by trade who came up the Chippewa river. He was also distinguished as being the only surviving veteran of the Mexican war residing in the county.
He was married in 1863 to Louise McMartin. Four children are surviving members of the family.
NOTE: Prudent was married in 1853 to Louise St. Martin with Edward (Peter Edward), Louise, Baptiste and Margaret surviving.
CHILD OF LOUISE ROBIDOUX AND PRUDENT DUGAL
Joseph Adolph Dugal was born on March 26, 1855 in Chippewa Falls.
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Addofph Dugal
Age in 1860: 5
Birth Year: abt 1855
Birthplace: Wisconsin
Home in 1860: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Gender: Male
Post Office: Chippewa Falls
Household Members:
Batise la Sait, 51
Mary Sait, 41
Batise Baziner, 18
Olvin Baziner, 13
Rosette Baziner, 12
Addofph Dugal, 5 (Joseph Dugal)
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 42; Image: 47; Family History Library Film: 805401.
1895
OBITUARY
KILLED WHILE AT WORK
SAD FATE OF JOSEPH DUGAL OF SOUTH CHIPPEWA
HEAVY TIMBER CRUSHES HIM
While at Work on the Chippewa River Bridge Last Night He Meets Instant Death. Joseph Dugal, a member of last year's common council and a highly esteemed resident of this city, met instant death last night while employed on the repair work being done to the Chippewa River Bridge. It was but a few moments before quitting time the accident happened that so suddenly snuffed out a life. Dugal and Mike Gonyea were putting a needle beam in place beneath the bridge, intending to fasten it for the time being so that the jarring of the bridge at night would not shake it from its resting place. The timber was green and wet and it moved readily on the iron cleats which held it at either end. Dugal was attempting to drive a bolt through it and two similar beams. Perhaps the jar of the blows shook it down or its falling might have been due to other causes; at any rate neither Dugal nor Gonyea was aware that their position was so dangerous. Gonyea saw it fall and shouted to his co-worker to beware but the warning came too late. The timber struck the dead man on the temple and jammed his head in such a manner that the skull was badly fractured.
The coroner's jury last night elicited the information that no one could well be blamed for the accident. Mr. Arnold, who is superintendent of the work, said that eight sets of beams had been put up in the same manner and the one which the men were working last night, and Mr. Gonyea, who witnessed the accident, testified that he could not see that there was carelessness either on the part of the superintendent or employees.
Mr. Dugal was a member of the Catholic Knights in good standing. The funeral will take place tomorrow morning at 9 o'clock from Holy Ghost church.
HAPLOGROUP X2a1c
Haplogroup X2a (the Amerian clade) split very early from all other X2 haplotypes in the Middle East and from there the X2a carriers swiftly moved on into Siberia and accessed America in a second migratory wave, not long after the first wave. Haplogroup X2a1c is found with particular prevalence in the Ojibwe from the Great Lakes. Unlike the four main Native American haplogroups (A, B, C and D), X is not associated with East Asia.
Louise (Kabidokwe) Robidoux was born at La Pointe, Madeline Island, Wisconsin to Wabichechikwe and Jean Baptiste Robidoux. Wabichechikwe (Marguerite Wechkin) was born about 1801 in the Ojibwe village of Lac Coutereille. Marguerite Wechkin was baptised on August 28, 1836 at St. Joseph Mission at La Pointe. On July 11, 1818, Jean B. Robidoux was hired by the American Fur Company and was engaged as a boatman at Lac Courtoreille. In 1839 Francois Xavier Robidoux was born to Jean Baptiste Robidoux and Marguerite Wechkin. He was baptised on August 11, 1830 at St. Joseph Mission at La Pointe. Francois Xavier is listed on the Mixed Blood Chippewa of Lake Superior of 1839. Per St. Joseph Mission Burial Records: Joan (Jean) Baptiste Robidoux was buried on August 10, 1840, age 54 years. Parents: Blank; Priest: Frederic Baraga.
Per Baptiste St. Martin's Index and Heirship Card: Louise Robidoux's Indian name was Kabidokwe and Etienne St. Martin was called St. Martin (white man).
1835
ST. JOSEPH MISSION
In July of 1835 Father Frederic Baraga established St. Joseph Catholic Mission with an adjacent cemetery.
1836
BAPTISMAL RECORDS, 1835-1887, KEPT AT LAPOINTE AND BAYFIELD, INDIAN MISSIONS. BY FATHER IRANEUS FREDERIC BARAGA: ROBIDOUX, LOUIS: AGED 12 YEARS OF LAPOINTE, THE DAUGHTER OF JEAN BAPTISTE ROBIDOUX AND WABICHECHIKWE; BAPTIZED 03 MAY 1836; GODPARENTS: JOSEPH LABATTE AND LOUISE BEAUBIEN.
1837
TREATY WITH THE CHIPPEWA AT ST. PETERS, TERRITORY OF MICHIGAN, JULY 29, 1837
1838
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AND HOLY FAMILY CATHOLIC CHURCH MARIAGE RECORDS 1835-1880: STEPHANUS ST. MARTIN, AGE 28, OF LA POINTE, MARRIED ON 08 JULY 1838, LUDOVICA ROBIDOUX, AGE 14, OF LA POINTE. WITNESSES: ANT. PERINNIER AND J. P. RAQUIN. PRIEST: FREDERIC BARAGA.
"Étienne".....French equivalent of Stephen.
1839
A LIST OF THE MIXED BLOOD CHIPPEWA OF LAKE SUPERIOR, 1839
When the Lake Superior Chippewa bands agreed to the treaty of July 29, 1837 at St. Peters, article three of that treaty allowed the sum of $100,000 to be distributed to the "half breeds" of the bands participating in the treaty, to be done under the direction of the president. As was customary at the time, the president appointed a commissioner, Lucius Lyon, to take testimony and produce a roll of claimants. Lyon traveled to La Pointe on Madeleine Island in Lake Superior in the fall of 1839, took testimony from those who believed themselves entitled to share in the money and prepared a roll which was submitted to the chiefs who in council made the final decisions on who was to receive the payment. The roll was submitted by Henry R. Schoolcraft who was acting disbursing agent for the Michigan Superintendency and is not part of his file in the Indian Accounts of the 2nd Auditor, Records of the General Accounting Office (RG 217) at the National Archives Records Center, Suitland, Maryland.
The roll lists 880 claimants to the money, all of whom presumably believed themselves to be mixed blood Chippewa. The roll provided the name of the claimant (usually the husband or father), the names of those in whose right the claim was made (the actual mixed bloods), the fraction of Chippewa blood, the residence and birthplace of each person and whether the claim was accepted or rejected. In total, the roll provided a sort of census of a substantial portion of the white and part white population of the western Lake Superior area. Like any census though the information must be used with caution. While deliberate intent to deceive the authorities has not been detected, there are likely to be errors or misinterpretations, compounded by the difficulties of mixed cultures and languages. For example the ½ fraction in some cases may not be exactly accurate, but rather a numerical notation of the term "half breed," which was often used in a general sense to mean anyone of mixed ancestry. This roll was submitted and ratified by the chiefs of the Chippewa Nation on the 7th day of September 1839. The two most common reasons for rejection were "residing outside the area ceded by the treaty" and not being related to the particular bands participating in the treaty.
# 790
Name: Jean B. Robideaux
In Whose Right: Xavier Robideaux
Blood: 1/2
Age: 7 days
Res: Lap (La Pointe)
Birth Place: Lap (La Pointe)
Decision: Admitted
# 848
Name: Etienne St. Martin
In Whose Right: Louise St. Martin
Blood: 1/2
Age: 15
Res: Lap
Birth Place: Lap
Decision: Rej
1840
1840 United States Federal Census
Name: Jean B. Robideaux
Home in 1840: Eastern Division, Saint Croix, Wisconsin Territory
Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 1 (Francois X. Robidoux)
Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1
Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39: 1 (Stephen St. Martin)
Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 (Jean B. Robidoux)
Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1
Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1 (Louise Robidoux St. Martin)
Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 (Wabichechikwe/Marguerite Wechkin)
Persons Employed in Manufacture and Trade: 2
No. White Persons over 20 Who Cannot Read and Write: 3
Free White Persons - Under 20: 4
Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 3
Total Free White Persons: 7
Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 7
Source Citation: Year: 1840; Census Place: Eastern Division, Saint Croix, Wisconsin Territory; Roll: 580; Page: 15; Image: 38; Family History Library Film: 0034498.
In 1840 Etienne (Stephen) and Louise St. Martin were living with her parents, Jean B. Robidoux and Wabichechikwe in Saint Croix County, Wisconsin Territory.
CHILDREN OF LOUISE ST. MARTIN
Listed in the 1860 United States Federal Census for Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin, page 7, Edward St. Martin, age 18 years, living as a pauper. In 1860, Baptiste was living with the Ira Isham family in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. In 1860, Margaret St. Martin was living with the Scofield (Schofield) family, in Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin. In 1860 Joseph Adolph Dugal was living with the Batise la Sait family in Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin. When the children grew older, they lived near one another, in Sigel/Edson, Chippewa, Wisconsin.
PETER EDWARD ST. MARTIN
Edward (Peter Edward) St. Martin married Mary Ann Murney. After Peter Edward died, Mary Ann Murney St. Martin and her remaining living children, Peter, James and daughter, Maggie (Maggie was the daughter of Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin) went to The Chippewa County Poor Farm to live. Daughters, Mary Elisabeth and Marium Estellam had died. As stated in the Eau Claire Leader, September 21, 1911, Roger McMillan as a young man, several years ago, came to work for Mrs. St. Martin on the farm. Together Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin had three children, Margaret being the eldest, being born in 1898. Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin lived together as husband and wife but were never married.
1841
BAPTISMAL INDEX 1835-1851
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AT LA POINTE
Last Name: St. Martin
First Name: Edward
Birth Date: January 16, 1841
Baptism Date: January 24, 1841
Place of Birth: LP
Father's Name: Stephen
Mother's Name: Robidoux, Louise
LOUISE ST. MARTIN
Louise St. Martin and Caesar Beaudin were married by Reverend Benedict Smeddinck, at Notre Dame Catholic Church, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, April 25,1868. Abraham and Adeline Hebert were their witnesses. Caesar Beaudin and Louise St. Martin had eight children. Charles, their first born, was born August 9, 1870. Ludger was killed in a car accident in 1955. Joseph was killed in a horse and train accident, near Boyd, Wisconsin in 1927. Matilda died of pneumonia in 1902.
It is stated on Louise St. Martin Beaudin's (Boudia) Record of Interment at St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Boyd, Wisconsin, that she was born at Pike Lake, near an Indian Reservation. I was told by Glen and Lorraine Beaudin, that Louise was an Ojibwe Indian and that she made moccasins and caps out of leather. Louise and her family lived in a hut by an Indian settlement near Pike Lake. Lorraine told a story of how Louise walked five miles to carry her daughter, Matilda, home from visiting her aunt, Margaret St. Martin McKay. Matilda was sick with pneumonia and later died that night, at 13 years of age. Louise is buried, next to her daughter, Matilda, at St. Joseph Catholic Cemetery, Boyd, Chippewa, Wisconsin. Lorraine said that Louise was a strong and dedicated mother.
BAPTISTE ST. MARTIN
1845
BAPTISMAL INDEX 1835-1851
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AT LA POINTE
Last Name: Saint Martin
First Name: Jean Baptiste
Birth Date: October 1, 1845
Baptism Date: August 4, 1846
Place of Birth: Riviere Sauteux
Father's Name:
Mother's Name:
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Baptise St. Martin
Age in 1860: 12
Birth Year: abt 1848
Birth Place: Wisconsin
Home in 1860: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Race: Mulatto
Gender: Male
Post Office: Chippewa Falls
Household Members:
Ira Isham, 23
Mary Isham, 22 Bofkinik/Boskin/Chippewa River Band
Ira Isham, 5
Emily Isham, 2
Baptise St. Martin, 12
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 40; Image: 45; Family History Library Film: 805401.
1880
WISCONSIN STATE PRISON
In 1880, Baptiste St. Martin was serving 4 years, at the Wisconsin State Prison, Waupun, Dodge, Wisconsin, for 3rd degree manslaughter. On July 21, 1877, Baptiste St. Martin went to town to get his farm equipment (auger) repaired. The blacksmith's wife told him that her husband was up the river and that he would be back around dinner time. Baptiste decided to visit a nearby saloon in Cadott Falls, owned by William Kilpatrick. Henry Mann was also drinking at the same bar Baptiste was partaking of alcohol. The men were topping (rolling) dice for beers. They topped several times and drank. Baptiste told Henry Mann that he could throw down any man in Cadott.....the best man in Cadott. Henry told Baptiste that he could not throw him (Henry) down.....the two men got in a clinch on the floor and Henry Mann threw Baptiste down. This made Baptiste angry. Baptiste was asked to leave the saloon. As he was walking towards to door, Baptiste picked up his auger, turned about and hit Henry Mann in the head. Baptiste struck Henry a second time, just above the first blow. William Kilpatrick then picked up Baptiste and threw him out of the saloon. William Kilpatrick placed a cloth on Henry Mann's wound and he and another man walked Henry home. Henry Mann died on September 2, 1877. Baptiste was arrested (he claimed self defense) and was convected of 3rd degree manslaughter on December 3, 1877.
MARGARET ST. MARTIN
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Thomas Scofield
Age in 1860: 50
Birth Year: abt 1810
Birth Place: Vermont
Home in 1860: Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Gender: Male
Post Office: Lafayette
Occupation: Lumberman
Household Members:
Thomas Scofield, 50
Landen Scofield, 30
Marvin Scofield, 14
Lorenzo Scofield, 10
Manly Scofield, 5
Edward Scofield, 1
Margaret St. Martin, 9
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 58; Image: 63; Family History Library Film: 805401.
In 1868 Margaret St. Martin married Robert Edward McKay. They had eight children, of which three lived to adulthood; Anna, Eva and Robert Francis (Frank). I was told that one day, one of Margaret's babies stumbled into a bull pin. Margaret was able to save her child but the bull gouged out one of her eyes. Margaret had also developed a severe case of diabetes.
1848
In 1848 and 1849 George P. Warren operated the fur post at Chippewa Falls. There were multiple Ojibwe villages on the Chippewa River at that time, including Rice Lake and Lake Shatac (Chetek). The United States Government treated them as satellite villages of the Lac Courte Oreilles Band.
In 1848, Wisconsin achieved statehood.
1850
ANNUITY ROLL FOR THE MISSISSIPPI & LAKE SUPERIOR CHIPPEWA, NOVEMBER 28, 1850
We the chief headmen, heads of families and individuals without families of the Chippewas of the Mississippi and Lake Superior, within the Sub-agency of Sandy Lake, acknowledge the receipt from John B. Watrous, sub-agent at Sandy Lake of the sum of twenty thousand, two hundred twenty seven, and 76/100th dollars in goods, it being no(w) full of the sum of nineteen thousand dollars no(w) good under the 2a Article of the Treaty of the 29th of July 1837 and two thousand five hundred dollars in goods under the 4th article of the Treaty of October 4, 1842, the same being in full of the annuity due our tribe in goods from the year 1850, except said fund of two hundred and seventy two and 24/100th dollars not being accounted for.
INCLUDED IN THIS ANNUITY ROLL ARE THE HEADS OF FAMILY FOR THE FOLLOWING BANDS:
La Pointe Bands (246 families)
Fond Du Lac Bands (187 families)
Lac Du Flambeau Bands (89 families)
Wisconsin River Bands (83 families)
Chippewa River Bands (101 families)
Lac Courtrielles Bands (60 families)
Lac Chatak Bands (44 families)
Long Lake Bands (54 families)
Puk-wa-wung Bands (27 families)
St. Croix River Bands (27 families)
Yellow Lake Bands (38 families)
Snake River Bands (62 families)
Pukagumah Bands #1 (53 families)
Grand Portage Bands (48 families)
Mississippi Bands (208 families)
Sandy Lake Bands (86 families)
Mille Lac Bands (89 families)
Pukagumah Bands #2 (17 families)
Pillager Bands-Chippewa (300 families)
NUMBER OF FAMILY: 47
CHIPPEWA RIVER BAND HEAD OF FAMILY: Louis (Louise) St. Martin
MARK: X
MALE: 0
FEMALE: 1
CHILDREN: 4
TOTAL: 5
The Sandy Lake Annuity Roll of November 28, 1850 lists a St. Martin family as #47 under the Chippewa River Band.....one Louis (Louise) St. Martin and 4 children.
DEATH MARCH TO SANDY LAKE
Throughout the fall of 1850, four officials of Zachary Taylor's administration conspired to lure the Lake Superior Chippewa Indians away from their lands in Northern Wisconsin and Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Two of these officials, Secretary of the Interior Thomas Ewing and Commissioner of Indian Affairs Orlando Brown, provided the initial approval for the plan but they did not remain in office long enough to witness its disastrous results. The others, Minnesota Territory's governor, Alexander Ramsey and Sub-Agent John Watrous, were directly involved as prime movers from start to end. By moving the place for the annual annuity payments to a new temporary sub-agency at Sandy Lake on the east bank of the upper Mississippi and by stalling the delivery of annuity goods and money, they planned to trap the Chippewa by winter weather, thus forcing them to remain at this remote, isolated location. This scheme, kept secret from both local Americans and the Chippewa, was designed to break the tenacious resistance of these Indians, who had rebuffed earlier efforts to persuade them to resettle in northwestern Minnesota. The stratagem failed. It succeeded only in reinforcing the opposition of the Chippewa to relocation even though it had killed large numbers of them: of the some three thousand who gathered at Sandy Lake in early October, some four hundred died before the survivors could make their way back to their homes by the following January.
1853
In the winter of 1853-1854, a smallpox epidemic claimed the lives of many residents of La Pointe.
LOUISE ROBIDOUX AND PRUDENT DUGAL
TOLD BY DAVID DUGAL
"Great Grandpa Dugal (Pete) married a widow with four children. One of these children married Ed McKay who is Frank McKay's father. Pete Dugal and the widow had one child.....Joe Dugal. Frank McKay and Anna McKay are brother and sister. Anna McKay married Joe Barrington (George Barrington)."
MY THOUGHTS
Etienne (Stephen) St. Martin may have died between 1850-1854. Louise and her four children were included in the Sandy Lake Annuity Roll, November 28, 1850. Louise Robidoux St. Martin married Prudent (Pete) Dugal before 1855. Prudent (Pete) Dugal and Louise had a son, Joseph Adolph Dugal, born in 1855. Prudent (Pete) Dugal married a woman by the name of Louisa (Louise), per Certificate of Death. This Louise was the widow of Etienne (Stephen) St. Martin and the mother of Edward (Peter Edward), Louise, Baptiste and Margaret. Prudent (Pete) married a widow with four children, one child, a daughter, married Robert Edward McKay. This daughter, Margaret St. Martin, married Robert Edward McKay.
1851
1851 Census of Canada
Name: Prudent Dugal
Gender: Male
Age: 38
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1814
Birthplace: Cap Sauté
Born of Canadian Parents: Yes
Province: Canada East (Quebec)
District: St. Maurice County
District Number: 26
Sub District: Ste Anne
Sub District Number: 386
Page: 131
Line: 2
Roll: C_1139
Schedule: A
1880
In 1880 Prudent Dugal was widowed and living with his son and daughter-in-law, Joseph and Anna Dugal, in Anson, Chippewa, Wisconsin. The census states that he is 66 years of age, born 1814, in Canada.
Eau Claire, Wisconsin Directories
Name: Peter Dugal (Prudent)
City: Chippewa Falls
State: WI
Year: 1889, 1890
Location: 35 N. Main
Eau Claire, Wisconsin Directories
Name: Joseph Dugal
City: Chippewa Falls
State: WI
Occupation: Laborer
Year: 1889, 1890
Location: 35 N. Main
1900
Wisconsin Deaths
Name: Prudman Dugal
Death Date: January 7, 1900
County: Chippewa
Volume: 01
Page #: 0381
Image Num: 101231
Sequence #: 089478
Level Info: Wisconsin Vital Records Death Index.
OBITUARY
90 YEARS OLD
-----------------------
Prudent Dugal Dies Sunday Night
at His Home on
Main Street
-----------------------
Was the First Blacksmith in Chippewa Falls, a Veteran of the Mexican War
-----------------------
There lies dead in his coffin at his home, on Main street, South Side, Prudent Dugal, one of the very oldest residents of the city. His demise occurred Sunday evening at 7 o'clock.
Mr. Dugal was born in Three Rivers, Canada, in 1810, and came to Chippewa when there were but two or three white folks here. The city at that time was the only settlement in the Chippewa valley, and consisted of a blacksmith shop and one or two dwellings located where the farm of Patrick O'Neil now is, five miles north of where the city is located. He came on a visit to Jean Burnett, the oldest settler, and intended to return, but after remaining a year found that the country was destined to become more populated, and he remained. He was the leader of a large colony of Canadians who afterward settled and who were identified with the early settlement of the city. His mind was clear especially upon matters of long-gone history. He remembered very well the early days when he came up the river, and at times was characteristically reminiscent over events and people he knew who pioneered in the Chippewa county and noted with pleasure the changes that had occurred from the early days. Going back into his early career the old man used to talk of the days when he carried a chain and guided surveying parties through the primeval forest, and he often remarked that he had a pathfinder on the very spot where he helped stake out the city and where he has spent his declining years.
Considering the long time that he has lived his health has been comparatively good to the last, and the evening of his days closed gently in after ninety years of existence. Death was due to the general wearing out of his system.
Mr. Dugal was the first blacksmith by trade who came up the Chippewa river. He was also distinguished as being the only surviving veteran of the Mexican war residing in the county.
He was married in 1863 to Louise McMartin. Four children are surviving members of the family.
NOTE: Prudent was married in 1853 to Louise St. Martin with Edward (Peter Edward), Louise, Baptiste and Margaret surviving.
CHILD OF LOUISE ROBIDOUX AND PRUDENT DUGAL
Joseph Adolph Dugal was born on March 26, 1855 in Chippewa Falls.
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Addofph Dugal
Age in 1860: 5
Birth Year: abt 1855
Birthplace: Wisconsin
Home in 1860: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Gender: Male
Post Office: Chippewa Falls
Household Members:
Batise la Sait, 51
Mary Sait, 41
Batise Baziner, 18
Olvin Baziner, 13
Rosette Baziner, 12
Addofph Dugal, 5 (Joseph Dugal)
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 42; Image: 47; Family History Library Film: 805401.
1895
OBITUARY
KILLED WHILE AT WORK
SAD FATE OF JOSEPH DUGAL OF SOUTH CHIPPEWA
HEAVY TIMBER CRUSHES HIM
While at Work on the Chippewa River Bridge Last Night He Meets Instant Death. Joseph Dugal, a member of last year's common council and a highly esteemed resident of this city, met instant death last night while employed on the repair work being done to the Chippewa River Bridge. It was but a few moments before quitting time the accident happened that so suddenly snuffed out a life. Dugal and Mike Gonyea were putting a needle beam in place beneath the bridge, intending to fasten it for the time being so that the jarring of the bridge at night would not shake it from its resting place. The timber was green and wet and it moved readily on the iron cleats which held it at either end. Dugal was attempting to drive a bolt through it and two similar beams. Perhaps the jar of the blows shook it down or its falling might have been due to other causes; at any rate neither Dugal nor Gonyea was aware that their position was so dangerous. Gonyea saw it fall and shouted to his co-worker to beware but the warning came too late. The timber struck the dead man on the temple and jammed his head in such a manner that the skull was badly fractured.
The coroner's jury last night elicited the information that no one could well be blamed for the accident. Mr. Arnold, who is superintendent of the work, said that eight sets of beams had been put up in the same manner and the one which the men were working last night, and Mr. Gonyea, who witnessed the accident, testified that he could not see that there was carelessness either on the part of the superintendent or employees.
Mr. Dugal was a member of the Catholic Knights in good standing. The funeral will take place tomorrow morning at 9 o'clock from Holy Ghost church.
HAPLOGROUP X2a1c
Haplogroup X2a (the Amerian clade) split very early from all other X2 haplotypes in the Middle East and from there the X2a carriers swiftly moved on into Siberia and accessed America in a second migratory wave, not long after the first wave. Haplogroup X2a1c is found with particular prevalence in the Ojibwe from the Great Lakes. Unlike the four main Native American haplogroups (A, B, C and D), X is not associated with East Asia.
1824
Louise (Kabidokwe) Robidoux was born at La Pointe, Madeline Island, Wisconsin to Wabichechikwe and Jean Baptiste Robidoux. Wabichechikwe (Marguerite Wechkin) was born about 1801 in the Ojibwe village of Lac Coutereille. Marguerite Wechkin was baptised on August 28, 1836 at St. Joseph Mission at La Pointe. On July 11, 1818, Jean B. Robidoux was hired by the American Fur Company and was engaged as a boatman at Lac Courtoreille. In 1839 Francois Xavier Robidoux was born to Jean Baptiste Robidoux and Marguerite Wechkin. He was baptised on August 11, 1830 at St. Joseph Mission at La Pointe. Francois Xavier is listed on the Mixed Blood Chippewa of Lake Superior of 1839. Per St. Joseph Mission Burial Records: Joan (Jean) Baptiste Robidoux was buried on August 10, 1840, age 54 years. Parents: Blank; Priest: Frederic Baraga.
Per Baptiste St. Martin's Index and Heirship Card: Louise Robidoux's Indian name was Kabidokwe and Etienne St. Martin was called St. Martin (white man).
1835
ST. JOSEPH MISSION
In July of 1835 Father Frederic Baraga established St. Joseph Catholic Mission with an adjacent cemetery.
1836
BAPTISMAL RECORDS, 1835-1887, KEPT AT LAPOINTE AND BAYFIELD, INDIAN MISSIONS. BY FATHER IRANEUS FREDERIC BARAGA: ROBIDOUX, LOUIS: AGED 12 YEARS OF LAPOINTE, THE DAUGHTER OF JEAN BAPTISTE ROBIDOUX AND WABICHECHIKWE; BAPTIZED 03 MAY 1836; GODPARENTS: JOSEPH LABATTE AND LOUISE BEAUBIEN.
1837
TREATY WITH THE CHIPPEWA AT ST. PETERS, TERRITORY OF MICHIGAN, JULY 29, 1837
1838
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AND HOLY FAMILY CATHOLIC CHURCH MARIAGE RECORDS 1835-1880: STEPHANUS ST. MARTIN, AGE 28, OF LA POINTE, MARRIED ON 08 JULY 1838, LUDOVICA ROBIDOUX, AGE 14, OF LA POINTE. WITNESSES: ANT. PERINNIER AND J. P. RAQUIN. PRIEST: FREDERIC BARAGA.
"Étienne".....French equivalent of Stephen.
1839
A LIST OF THE MIXED BLOOD CHIPPEWA OF LAKE SUPERIOR, 1839
When the Lake Superior Chippewa bands agreed to the treaty of July 29, 1837 at St. Peters, article three of that treaty allowed the sum of $100,000 to be distributed to the "half breeds" of the bands participating in the treaty, to be done under the direction of the president. As was customary at the time, the president appointed a commissioner, Lucius Lyon, to take testimony and produce a roll of claimants. Lyon traveled to La Pointe on Madeleine Island in Lake Superior in the fall of 1839, took testimony from those who believed themselves entitled to share in the money and prepared a roll which was submitted to the chiefs who in council made the final decisions on who was to receive the payment. The roll was submitted by Henry R. Schoolcraft who was acting disbursing agent for the Michigan Superintendency and is not part of his file in the Indian Accounts of the 2nd Auditor, Records of the General Accounting Office (RG 217) at the National Archives Records Center, Suitland, Maryland.
The roll lists 880 claimants to the money, all of whom presumably believed themselves to be mixed blood Chippewa. The roll provided the name of the claimant (usually the husband or father), the names of those in whose right the claim was made (the actual mixed bloods), the fraction of Chippewa blood, the residence and birthplace of each person and whether the claim was accepted or rejected. In total, the roll provided a sort of census of a substantial portion of the white and part white population of the western Lake Superior area. Like any census though the information must be used with caution. While deliberate intent to deceive the authorities has not been detected, there are likely to be errors or misinterpretations, compounded by the difficulties of mixed cultures and languages. For example the ½ fraction in some cases may not be exactly accurate, but rather a numerical notation of the term "half breed," which was often used in a general sense to mean anyone of mixed ancestry. This roll was submitted and ratified by the chiefs of the Chippewa Nation on the 7th day of September 1839. The two most common reasons for rejection were "residing outside the area ceded by the treaty" and not being related to the particular bands participating in the treaty.
# 790
Name: Jean B. Robideaux
In Whose Right: Xavier Robideaux
Blood: 1/2
Age: 7 days
Res: Lap (La Pointe)
Birth Place: Lap (La Pointe)
Decision: Admitted
# 848
Name: Etienne St. Martin
In Whose Right: Louise St. Martin
Blood: 1/2
Age: 15
Res: Lap
Birth Place: Lap
Decision: Rej
1840
1840 United States Federal Census
Name: Jean B. Robideaux
Home in 1840: Eastern Division, Saint Croix, Wisconsin Territory
Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 1 (Francois X. Robidoux)
Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1
Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39: 1 (Stephen St. Martin)
Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 (Jean B. Robidoux)
Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1
Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1 (Louise Robidoux St. Martin)
Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 (Wabichechikwe/Marguerite Wechkin)
Persons Employed in Manufacture and Trade: 2
No. White Persons over 20 Who Cannot Read and Write: 3
Free White Persons - Under 20: 4
Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 3
Total Free White Persons: 7
Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 7
Source Citation: Year: 1840; Census Place: Eastern Division, Saint Croix, Wisconsin Territory; Roll: 580; Page: 15; Image: 38; Family History Library Film: 0034498.
In 1840 Etienne (Stephen) and Louise St. Martin were living with her parents, Jean B. Robidoux and Wabichechikwe in Saint Croix County, Wisconsin Territory.
CHILDREN OF LOUISE ST. MARTIN
Listed in the 1860 United States Federal Census for Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin, page 7, Edward St. Martin, age 18 years, living as a pauper. In 1860, Baptiste was living with the Ira Isham family in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. In 1860, Margaret St. Martin was living with the Scofield (Schofield) family, in Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin. In 1860 Joseph Adolph Dugal was living with the Batise la Sait family in Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin. When the children grew older, they lived near one another, in Sigel/Edson, Chippewa, Wisconsin.
PETER EDWARD ST. MARTIN
Edward (Peter Edward) St. Martin married Mary Ann Murney. After Peter Edward died, Mary Ann Murney St. Martin and her remaining living children, Peter, James and daughter, Maggie (Maggie was the daughter of Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin) went to The Chippewa County Poor Farm to live. Daughters, Mary Elisabeth and Marium Estellam had died. As stated in the Eau Claire Leader, September 21, 1911, Roger McMillan as a young man, several years ago, came to work for Mrs. St. Martin on the farm. Together Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin had three children, Margaret being the eldest, being born in 1898. Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin lived together as husband and wife but were never married.
1841
BAPTISMAL INDEX 1835-1851
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AT LA POINTE
Last Name: St. Martin
First Name: Edward
Birth Date: January 16, 1841
Baptism Date: January 24, 1841
Place of Birth: LP
Father's Name: Stephen
Mother's Name: Robidoux, Louise
LOUISE ST. MARTIN
Louise St. Martin and Caesar Beaudin were married by Reverend Benedict Smeddinck, at Notre Dame Catholic Church, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, April 25,1868. Abraham and Adeline Hebert were their witnesses. Caesar Beaudin and Louise St. Martin had eight children. Charles, their first born, was born August 9, 1870. Ludger was killed in a car accident in 1955. Joseph was killed in a horse and train accident, near Boyd, Wisconsin in 1927. Matilda died of pneumonia in 1902.
It is stated on Louise St. Martin Beaudin's (Boudia) Record of Interment at St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Boyd, Wisconsin, that she was born at Pike Lake, near an Indian Reservation. I was told by Glen and Lorraine Beaudin, that Louise was an Ojibwe Indian and that she made moccasins and caps out of leather. Louise and her family lived in a hut by an Indian settlement near Pike Lake. Lorraine told a story of how Louise walked five miles to carry her daughter, Matilda, home from visiting her aunt, Margaret St. Martin McKay. Matilda was sick with pneumonia and later died that night, at 13 years of age. Louise is buried, next to her daughter, Matilda, at St. Joseph Catholic Cemetery, Boyd, Chippewa, Wisconsin. Lorraine said that Louise was a strong and dedicated mother.
BAPTISTE ST. MARTIN
1845
BAPTISMAL INDEX 1835-1851
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AT LA POINTE
Last Name: Saint Martin
First Name: Jean Baptiste
Birth Date: October 1, 1845
Baptism Date: August 4, 1846
Place of Birth: Riviere Sauteux
Father's Name:
Mother's Name:
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Baptise St. Martin
Age in 1860: 12
Birth Year: abt 1848
Birth Place: Wisconsin
Home in 1860: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Race: Mulatto
Gender: Male
Post Office: Chippewa Falls
Household Members:
Ira Isham, 23
Mary Isham, 22 Bofkinik/Boskin/Chippewa River Band
Ira Isham, 5
Emily Isham, 2
Baptise St. Martin, 12
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 40; Image: 45; Family History Library Film: 805401.
1880
WISCONSIN STATE PRISON
In 1880, Baptiste St. Martin was serving 4 years, at the Wisconsin State Prison, Waupun, Dodge, Wisconsin, for 3rd degree manslaughter. On July 21, 1877, Baptiste St. Martin went to town to get his farm equipment (auger) repaired. The blacksmith's wife told him that her husband was up the river and that he would be back around dinner time. Baptiste decided to visit a nearby saloon in Cadott Falls, owned by William Kilpatrick. Henry Mann was also drinking at the same bar Baptiste was partaking of alcohol. The men were topping (rolling) dice for beers. They topped several times and drank. Baptiste told Henry Mann that he could throw down any man in Cadott.....the best man in Cadott. Henry told Baptiste that he could not throw him (Henry) down.....the two men got in a clinch on the floor and Henry Mann threw Baptiste down. This made Baptiste angry. Baptiste was asked to leave the saloon. As he was walking towards to door, Baptiste picked up his auger, turned about and hit Henry Mann in the head. Baptiste struck Henry a second time, just above the first blow. William Kilpatrick then picked up Baptiste and threw him out of the saloon. William Kilpatrick placed a cloth on Henry Mann's wound and he and another man walked Henry home. Henry Mann died on September 2, 1877. Baptiste was arrested (he claimed self defense) and was convected of 3rd degree manslaughter on December 3, 1877.
MARGARET ST. MARTIN
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Thomas Scofield
Age in 1860: 50
Birth Year: abt 1810
Birth Place: Vermont
Home in 1860: Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Gender: Male
Post Office: Lafayette
Occupation: Lumberman
Household Members:
Thomas Scofield, 50
Landen Scofield, 30
Marvin Scofield, 14
Lorenzo Scofield, 10
Manly Scofield, 5
Edward Scofield, 1
Margaret St. Martin, 9
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 58; Image: 63; Family History Library Film: 805401.
In 1868 Margaret St. Martin married Robert Edward McKay. They had eight children, of which three lived to adulthood; Anna, Eva and Robert Francis (Frank). I was told that one day, one of Margaret's babies stumbled into a bull pin. Margaret was able to save her child but the bull gouged out one of her eyes. Margaret had also developed a severe case of diabetes.
1848
In 1848 and 1849 George P. Warren operated the fur post at Chippewa Falls. There were multiple Ojibwe villages on the Chippewa River at that time, including Rice Lake and Lake Shatac (Chetek). The United States Government treated them as satellite villages of the Lac Courte Oreilles Band.
In 1848, Wisconsin achieved statehood.
1850
ANNUITY ROLL FOR THE MISSISSIPPI & LAKE SUPERIOR CHIPPEWA, NOVEMBER 28, 1850
We the chief headmen, heads of families and individuals without families of the Chippewas of the Mississippi and Lake Superior, within the Sub-agency of Sandy Lake, acknowledge the receipt from John B. Watrous, sub-agent at Sandy Lake of the sum of twenty thousand, two hundred twenty seven, and 76/100th dollars in goods, it being no(w) full of the sum of nineteen thousand dollars no(w) good under the 2a Article of the Treaty of the 29th of July 1837 and two thousand five hundred dollars in goods under the 4th article of the Treaty of October 4, 1842, the same being in full of the annuity due our tribe in goods from the year 1850, except said fund of two hundred and seventy two and 24/100th dollars not being accounted for.
INCLUDED IN THIS ANNUITY ROLL ARE THE HEADS OF FAMILY FOR THE FOLLOWING BANDS:
La Pointe Bands (246 families)
Fond Du Lac Bands (187 families)
Lac Du Flambeau Bands (89 families)
Wisconsin River Bands (83 families)
Chippewa River Bands (101 families)
Lac Courtrielles Bands (60 families)
Lac Chatak Bands (44 families)
Long Lake Bands (54 families)
Puk-wa-wung Bands (27 families)
St. Croix River Bands (27 families)
Yellow Lake Bands (38 families)
Snake River Bands (62 families)
Pukagumah Bands #1 (53 families)
Grand Portage Bands (48 families)
Mississippi Bands (208 families)
Sandy Lake Bands (86 families)
Mille Lac Bands (89 families)
Pukagumah Bands #2 (17 families)
Pillager Bands-Chippewa (300 families)
NUMBER OF FAMILY: 47
CHIPPEWA RIVER BAND HEAD OF FAMILY: Louis (Louise) St. Martin
MARK: X
MALE: 0
FEMALE: 1
CHILDREN: 4
TOTAL: 5
The Sandy Lake Annuity Roll of November 28, 1850 lists a St. Martin family as #47 under the Chippewa River Band.....one Louis (Louise) St. Martin and 4 children.
DEATH MARCH TO SANDY LAKE
Throughout the fall of 1850, four officials of Zachary Taylor's administration conspired to lure the Lake Superior Chippewa Indians away from their lands in Northern Wisconsin and Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Two of these officials, Secretary of the Interior Thomas Ewing and Commissioner of Indian Affairs Orlando Brown, provided the initial approval for the plan but they did not remain in office long enough to witness its disastrous results. The others, Minnesota Territory's governor, Alexander Ramsey and Sub-Agent John Watrous, were directly involved as prime movers from start to end. By moving the place for the annual annuity payments to a new temporary sub-agency at Sandy Lake on the east bank of the upper Mississippi and by stalling the delivery of annuity goods and money, they planned to trap the Chippewa by winter weather, thus forcing them to remain at this remote, isolated location. This scheme, kept secret from both local Americans and the Chippewa, was designed to break the tenacious resistance of these Indians, who had rebuffed earlier efforts to persuade them to resettle in northwestern Minnesota. The stratagem failed. It succeeded only in reinforcing the opposition of the Chippewa to relocation even though it had killed large numbers of them: of the some three thousand who gathered at Sandy Lake in early October, some four hundred died before the survivors could make their way back to their homes by the following January.
1853
In the winter of 1853-1854, a smallpox epidemic claimed the lives of many residents of La Pointe.
LOUISE ROBIDOUX AND PRUDENT DUGAL
TOLD BY DAVID DUGAL
"Great Grandpa Dugal (Pete) married a widow with four children. One of these children married Ed McKay who is Frank McKay's father. Pete Dugal and the widow had one child.....Joe Dugal. Frank McKay and Anna McKay are brother and sister. Anna McKay married Joe Barrington (George Barrington)."
MY THOUGHTS
Etienne (Stephen) St. Martin may have died between 1850-1854. Louise and her four children were included in the Sandy Lake Annuity Roll, November 28, 1850. Louise Robidoux St. Martin married Prudent (Pete) Dugal before 1855. Prudent (Pete) Dugal and Louise had a son, Joseph Adolph Dugal, born in 1855. Prudent (Pete) Dugal married a woman by the name of Louisa (Louise), per Certificate of Death. This Louise was the widow of Etienne (Stephen) St. Martin and the mother of Edward (Peter Edward), Louise, Baptiste and Margaret. Prudent (Pete) married a widow with four children, one child, a daughter, married Robert Edward McKay. This daughter, Margaret St. Martin, married Robert Edward McKay.
1851
1851 Census of Canada
Name: Prudent Dugal
Gender: Male
Age: 38
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1814
Birthplace: Cap Sauté
Born of Canadian Parents: Yes
Province: Canada East (Quebec)
District: St. Maurice County
District Number: 26
Sub District: Ste Anne
Sub District Number: 386
Page: 131
Line: 2
Roll: C_1139
Schedule: A
1880
In 1880 Prudent Dugal was widowed and living with his son and daughter-in-law, Joseph and Anna Dugal, in Anson, Chippewa, Wisconsin. The census states that he is 66 years of age, born 1814, in Canada.
Eau Claire, Wisconsin Directories
Name: Peter Dugal (Prudent)
City: Chippewa Falls
State: WI
Year: 1889, 1890
Location: 35 N. Main
Eau Claire, Wisconsin Directories
Name: Joseph Dugal
City: Chippewa Falls
State: WI
Occupation: Laborer
Year: 1889, 1890
Location: 35 N. Main
1900
Wisconsin Deaths
Name: Prudman Dugal
Death Date: January 7, 1900
County: Chippewa
Volume: 01
Page #: 0381
Image Num: 101231
Sequence #: 089478
Level Info: Wisconsin Vital Records Death Index.
OBITUARY
90 YEARS OLD
-----------------------
Prudent Dugal Dies Sunday Night
at His Home on
Main Street
-----------------------
Was the First Blacksmith in Chippewa Falls, a Veteran of the Mexican War
-----------------------
There lies dead in his coffin at his home, on Main street, South Side, Prudent Dugal, one of the very oldest residents of the city. His demise occurred Sunday evening at 7 o'clock.
Mr. Dugal was born in Three Rivers, Canada, in 1810, and came to Chippewa when there were but two or three white folks here. The city at that time was the only settlement in the Chippewa valley, and consisted of a blacksmith shop and one or two dwellings located where the farm of Patrick O'Neil now is, five miles north of where the city is located. He came on a visit to Jean Burnett, the oldest settler, and intended to return, but after remaining a year found that the country was destined to become more populated, and he remained. He was the leader of a large colony of Canadians who afterward settled and who were identified with the early settlement of the city. His mind was clear especially upon matters of long-gone history. He remembered very well the early days when he came up the river, and at times was characteristically reminiscent over events and people he knew who pioneered in the Chippewa county and noted with pleasure the changes that had occurred from the early days. Going back into his early career the old man used to talk of the days when he carried a chain and guided surveying parties through the primeval forest, and he often remarked that he had a pathfinder on the very spot where he helped stake out the city and where he has spent his declining years.
Considering the long time that he has lived his health has been comparatively good to the last, and the evening of his days closed gently in after ninety years of existence. Death was due to the general wearing out of his system.
Mr. Dugal was the first blacksmith by trade who came up the Chippewa river. He was also distinguished as being the only surviving veteran of the Mexican war residing in the county.
He was married in 1863 to Louise McMartin. Four children are surviving members of the family.
NOTE: Prudent was married in 1853 to Louise St. Martin with Edward (Peter Edward), Louise, Baptiste and Margaret surviving.
CHILD OF LOUISE ROBIDOUX AND PRUDENT DUGAL
Joseph Adolph Dugal was born on March 26, 1855 in Chippewa Falls.
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Addofph Dugal
Age in 1860: 5
Birth Year: abt 1855
Birthplace: Wisconsin
Home in 1860: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Gender: Male
Post Office: Chippewa Falls
Household Members:
Batise la Sait, 51
Mary Sait, 41
Batise Baziner, 18
Olvin Baziner, 13
Rosette Baziner, 12
Addofph Dugal, 5 (Joseph Dugal)
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 42; Image: 47; Family History Library Film: 805401.
1895
OBITUARY
KILLED WHILE AT WORK
SAD FATE OF JOSEPH DUGAL OF SOUTH CHIPPEWA
HEAVY TIMBER CRUSHES HIM
While at Work on the Chippewa River Bridge Last Night He Meets Instant Death. Joseph Dugal, a member of last year's common council and a highly esteemed resident of this city, met instant death last night while employed on the repair work being done to the Chippewa River Bridge. It was but a few moments before quitting time the accident happened that so suddenly snuffed out a life. Dugal and Mike Gonyea were putting a needle beam in place beneath the bridge, intending to fasten it for the time being so that the jarring of the bridge at night would not shake it from its resting place. The timber was green and wet and it moved readily on the iron cleats which held it at either end. Dugal was attempting to drive a bolt through it and two similar beams. Perhaps the jar of the blows shook it down or its falling might have been due to other causes; at any rate neither Dugal nor Gonyea was aware that their position was so dangerous. Gonyea saw it fall and shouted to his co-worker to beware but the warning came too late. The timber struck the dead man on the temple and jammed his head in such a manner that the skull was badly fractured.
The coroner's jury last night elicited the information that no one could well be blamed for the accident. Mr. Arnold, who is superintendent of the work, said that eight sets of beams had been put up in the same manner and the one which the men were working last night, and Mr. Gonyea, who witnessed the accident, testified that he could not see that there was carelessness either on the part of the superintendent or employees.
Mr. Dugal was a member of the Catholic Knights in good standing. The funeral will take place tomorrow morning at 9 o'clock from Holy Ghost church.
HAPLOGROUP X2a1c
Haplogroup X2a (the Amerian clade) split very early from all other X2 haplotypes in the Middle East and from there the X2a carriers swiftly moved on into Siberia and accessed America in a second migratory wave, not long after the first wave. Haplogroup X2a1c is found with particular prevalence in the Ojibwe from the Great Lakes. Unlike the four main Native American haplogroups (A, B, C and D), X is not associated with East Asia.
Louise (Kabidokwe) Robidoux was born at La Pointe, Madeline Island, Wisconsin to Wabichechikwe and Jean Baptiste Robidoux. Wabichechikwe (Marguerite Wechkin) was born about 1801 in the Ojibwe village of Lac Coutereille. Marguerite Wechkin was baptised on August 28, 1836 at St. Joseph Mission at La Pointe. On July 11, 1818, Jean B. Robidoux was hired by the American Fur Company and was engaged as a boatman at Lac Courtoreille. In 1839 Francois Xavier Robidoux was born to Jean Baptiste Robidoux and Marguerite Wechkin. He was baptised on August 11, 1830 at St. Joseph Mission at La Pointe. Francois Xavier is listed on the Mixed Blood Chippewa of Lake Superior of 1839. Per St. Joseph Mission Burial Records: Joan (Jean) Baptiste Robidoux was buried on August 10, 1840, age 54 years. Parents: Blank; Priest: Frederic Baraga.
Per Baptiste St. Martin's Index and Heirship Card: Louise Robidoux's Indian name was Kabidokwe and Etienne St. Martin was called St. Martin (white man).
1835
ST. JOSEPH MISSION
In July of 1835 Father Frederic Baraga established St. Joseph Catholic Mission with an adjacent cemetery.
1836
BAPTISMAL RECORDS, 1835-1887, KEPT AT LAPOINTE AND BAYFIELD, INDIAN MISSIONS. BY FATHER IRANEUS FREDERIC BARAGA: ROBIDOUX, LOUIS: AGED 12 YEARS OF LAPOINTE, THE DAUGHTER OF JEAN BAPTISTE ROBIDOUX AND WABICHECHIKWE; BAPTIZED 03 MAY 1836; GODPARENTS: JOSEPH LABATTE AND LOUISE BEAUBIEN.
1837
TREATY WITH THE CHIPPEWA AT ST. PETERS, TERRITORY OF MICHIGAN, JULY 29, 1837
1838
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AND HOLY FAMILY CATHOLIC CHURCH MARIAGE RECORDS 1835-1880: STEPHANUS ST. MARTIN, AGE 28, OF LA POINTE, MARRIED ON 08 JULY 1838, LUDOVICA ROBIDOUX, AGE 14, OF LA POINTE. WITNESSES: ANT. PERINNIER AND J. P. RAQUIN. PRIEST: FREDERIC BARAGA.
"Étienne".....French equivalent of Stephen.
1839
A LIST OF THE MIXED BLOOD CHIPPEWA OF LAKE SUPERIOR, 1839
When the Lake Superior Chippewa bands agreed to the treaty of July 29, 1837 at St. Peters, article three of that treaty allowed the sum of $100,000 to be distributed to the "half breeds" of the bands participating in the treaty, to be done under the direction of the president. As was customary at the time, the president appointed a commissioner, Lucius Lyon, to take testimony and produce a roll of claimants. Lyon traveled to La Pointe on Madeleine Island in Lake Superior in the fall of 1839, took testimony from those who believed themselves entitled to share in the money and prepared a roll which was submitted to the chiefs who in council made the final decisions on who was to receive the payment. The roll was submitted by Henry R. Schoolcraft who was acting disbursing agent for the Michigan Superintendency and is not part of his file in the Indian Accounts of the 2nd Auditor, Records of the General Accounting Office (RG 217) at the National Archives Records Center, Suitland, Maryland.
The roll lists 880 claimants to the money, all of whom presumably believed themselves to be mixed blood Chippewa. The roll provided the name of the claimant (usually the husband or father), the names of those in whose right the claim was made (the actual mixed bloods), the fraction of Chippewa blood, the residence and birthplace of each person and whether the claim was accepted or rejected. In total, the roll provided a sort of census of a substantial portion of the white and part white population of the western Lake Superior area. Like any census though the information must be used with caution. While deliberate intent to deceive the authorities has not been detected, there are likely to be errors or misinterpretations, compounded by the difficulties of mixed cultures and languages. For example the ½ fraction in some cases may not be exactly accurate, but rather a numerical notation of the term "half breed," which was often used in a general sense to mean anyone of mixed ancestry. This roll was submitted and ratified by the chiefs of the Chippewa Nation on the 7th day of September 1839. The two most common reasons for rejection were "residing outside the area ceded by the treaty" and not being related to the particular bands participating in the treaty.
# 790
Name: Jean B. Robideaux
In Whose Right: Xavier Robideaux
Blood: 1/2
Age: 7 days
Res: Lap (La Pointe)
Birth Place: Lap (La Pointe)
Decision: Admitted
# 848
Name: Etienne St. Martin
In Whose Right: Louise St. Martin
Blood: 1/2
Age: 15
Res: Lap
Birth Place: Lap
Decision: Rej
1840
1840 United States Federal Census
Name: Jean B. Robideaux
Home in 1840: Eastern Division, Saint Croix, Wisconsin Territory
Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 1 (Francois X. Robidoux)
Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1
Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39: 1 (Stephen St. Martin)
Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 (Jean B. Robidoux)
Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1
Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1 (Louise Robidoux St. Martin)
Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 (Wabichechikwe/Marguerite Wechkin)
Persons Employed in Manufacture and Trade: 2
No. White Persons over 20 Who Cannot Read and Write: 3
Free White Persons - Under 20: 4
Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 3
Total Free White Persons: 7
Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 7
Source Citation: Year: 1840; Census Place: Eastern Division, Saint Croix, Wisconsin Territory; Roll: 580; Page: 15; Image: 38; Family History Library Film: 0034498.
In 1840 Etienne (Stephen) and Louise St. Martin were living with her parents, Jean B. Robidoux and Wabichechikwe in Saint Croix County, Wisconsin Territory.
CHILDREN OF LOUISE ST. MARTIN
Listed in the 1860 United States Federal Census for Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin, page 7, Edward St. Martin, age 18 years, living as a pauper. In 1860, Baptiste was living with the Ira Isham family in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. In 1860, Margaret St. Martin was living with the Scofield (Schofield) family, in Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin. In 1860 Joseph Adolph Dugal was living with the Batise la Sait family in Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin. When the children grew older, they lived near one another, in Sigel/Edson, Chippewa, Wisconsin.
PETER EDWARD ST. MARTIN
Edward (Peter Edward) St. Martin married Mary Ann Murney. After Peter Edward died, Mary Ann Murney St. Martin and her remaining living children, Peter, James and daughter, Maggie (Maggie was the daughter of Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin) went to The Chippewa County Poor Farm to live. Daughters, Mary Elisabeth and Marium Estellam had died. As stated in the Eau Claire Leader, September 21, 1911, Roger McMillan as a young man, several years ago, came to work for Mrs. St. Martin on the farm. Together Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin had three children, Margaret being the eldest, being born in 1898. Roger McMillan and Mary Ann Murney St. Martin lived together as husband and wife but were never married.
1841
BAPTISMAL INDEX 1835-1851
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AT LA POINTE
Last Name: St. Martin
First Name: Edward
Birth Date: January 16, 1841
Baptism Date: January 24, 1841
Place of Birth: LP
Father's Name: Stephen
Mother's Name: Robidoux, Louise
LOUISE ST. MARTIN
Louise St. Martin and Caesar Beaudin were married by Reverend Benedict Smeddinck, at Notre Dame Catholic Church, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, April 25,1868. Abraham and Adeline Hebert were their witnesses. Caesar Beaudin and Louise St. Martin had eight children. Charles, their first born, was born August 9, 1870. Ludger was killed in a car accident in 1955. Joseph was killed in a horse and train accident, near Boyd, Wisconsin in 1927. Matilda died of pneumonia in 1902.
It is stated on Louise St. Martin Beaudin's (Boudia) Record of Interment at St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Boyd, Wisconsin, that she was born at Pike Lake, near an Indian Reservation. I was told by Glen and Lorraine Beaudin, that Louise was an Ojibwe Indian and that she made moccasins and caps out of leather. Louise and her family lived in a hut by an Indian settlement near Pike Lake. Lorraine told a story of how Louise walked five miles to carry her daughter, Matilda, home from visiting her aunt, Margaret St. Martin McKay. Matilda was sick with pneumonia and later died that night, at 13 years of age. Louise is buried, next to her daughter, Matilda, at St. Joseph Catholic Cemetery, Boyd, Chippewa, Wisconsin. Lorraine said that Louise was a strong and dedicated mother.
BAPTISTE ST. MARTIN
1845
BAPTISMAL INDEX 1835-1851
ST. JOSEPH MISSION AT LA POINTE
Last Name: Saint Martin
First Name: Jean Baptiste
Birth Date: October 1, 1845
Baptism Date: August 4, 1846
Place of Birth: Riviere Sauteux
Father's Name:
Mother's Name:
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Baptise St. Martin
Age in 1860: 12
Birth Year: abt 1848
Birth Place: Wisconsin
Home in 1860: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Race: Mulatto
Gender: Male
Post Office: Chippewa Falls
Household Members:
Ira Isham, 23
Mary Isham, 22 Bofkinik/Boskin/Chippewa River Band
Ira Isham, 5
Emily Isham, 2
Baptise St. Martin, 12
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 40; Image: 45; Family History Library Film: 805401.
1880
WISCONSIN STATE PRISON
In 1880, Baptiste St. Martin was serving 4 years, at the Wisconsin State Prison, Waupun, Dodge, Wisconsin, for 3rd degree manslaughter. On July 21, 1877, Baptiste St. Martin went to town to get his farm equipment (auger) repaired. The blacksmith's wife told him that her husband was up the river and that he would be back around dinner time. Baptiste decided to visit a nearby saloon in Cadott Falls, owned by William Kilpatrick. Henry Mann was also drinking at the same bar Baptiste was partaking of alcohol. The men were topping (rolling) dice for beers. They topped several times and drank. Baptiste told Henry Mann that he could throw down any man in Cadott.....the best man in Cadott. Henry told Baptiste that he could not throw him (Henry) down.....the two men got in a clinch on the floor and Henry Mann threw Baptiste down. This made Baptiste angry. Baptiste was asked to leave the saloon. As he was walking towards to door, Baptiste picked up his auger, turned about and hit Henry Mann in the head. Baptiste struck Henry a second time, just above the first blow. William Kilpatrick then picked up Baptiste and threw him out of the saloon. William Kilpatrick placed a cloth on Henry Mann's wound and he and another man walked Henry home. Henry Mann died on September 2, 1877. Baptiste was arrested (he claimed self defense) and was convected of 3rd degree manslaughter on December 3, 1877.
MARGARET ST. MARTIN
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Thomas Scofield
Age in 1860: 50
Birth Year: abt 1810
Birth Place: Vermont
Home in 1860: Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Gender: Male
Post Office: Lafayette
Occupation: Lumberman
Household Members:
Thomas Scofield, 50
Landen Scofield, 30
Marvin Scofield, 14
Lorenzo Scofield, 10
Manly Scofield, 5
Edward Scofield, 1
Margaret St. Martin, 9
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Lafayette, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 58; Image: 63; Family History Library Film: 805401.
In 1868 Margaret St. Martin married Robert Edward McKay. They had eight children, of which three lived to adulthood; Anna, Eva and Robert Francis (Frank). I was told that one day, one of Margaret's babies stumbled into a bull pin. Margaret was able to save her child but the bull gouged out one of her eyes. Margaret had also developed a severe case of diabetes.
1848
In 1848 and 1849 George P. Warren operated the fur post at Chippewa Falls. There were multiple Ojibwe villages on the Chippewa River at that time, including Rice Lake and Lake Shatac (Chetek). The United States Government treated them as satellite villages of the Lac Courte Oreilles Band.
In 1848, Wisconsin achieved statehood.
1850
ANNUITY ROLL FOR THE MISSISSIPPI & LAKE SUPERIOR CHIPPEWA, NOVEMBER 28, 1850
We the chief headmen, heads of families and individuals without families of the Chippewas of the Mississippi and Lake Superior, within the Sub-agency of Sandy Lake, acknowledge the receipt from John B. Watrous, sub-agent at Sandy Lake of the sum of twenty thousand, two hundred twenty seven, and 76/100th dollars in goods, it being no(w) full of the sum of nineteen thousand dollars no(w) good under the 2a Article of the Treaty of the 29th of July 1837 and two thousand five hundred dollars in goods under the 4th article of the Treaty of October 4, 1842, the same being in full of the annuity due our tribe in goods from the year 1850, except said fund of two hundred and seventy two and 24/100th dollars not being accounted for.
INCLUDED IN THIS ANNUITY ROLL ARE THE HEADS OF FAMILY FOR THE FOLLOWING BANDS:
La Pointe Bands (246 families)
Fond Du Lac Bands (187 families)
Lac Du Flambeau Bands (89 families)
Wisconsin River Bands (83 families)
Chippewa River Bands (101 families)
Lac Courtrielles Bands (60 families)
Lac Chatak Bands (44 families)
Long Lake Bands (54 families)
Puk-wa-wung Bands (27 families)
St. Croix River Bands (27 families)
Yellow Lake Bands (38 families)
Snake River Bands (62 families)
Pukagumah Bands #1 (53 families)
Grand Portage Bands (48 families)
Mississippi Bands (208 families)
Sandy Lake Bands (86 families)
Mille Lac Bands (89 families)
Pukagumah Bands #2 (17 families)
Pillager Bands-Chippewa (300 families)
NUMBER OF FAMILY: 47
CHIPPEWA RIVER BAND HEAD OF FAMILY: Louis (Louise) St. Martin
MARK: X
MALE: 0
FEMALE: 1
CHILDREN: 4
TOTAL: 5
The Sandy Lake Annuity Roll of November 28, 1850 lists a St. Martin family as #47 under the Chippewa River Band.....one Louis (Louise) St. Martin and 4 children.
DEATH MARCH TO SANDY LAKE
Throughout the fall of 1850, four officials of Zachary Taylor's administration conspired to lure the Lake Superior Chippewa Indians away from their lands in Northern Wisconsin and Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Two of these officials, Secretary of the Interior Thomas Ewing and Commissioner of Indian Affairs Orlando Brown, provided the initial approval for the plan but they did not remain in office long enough to witness its disastrous results. The others, Minnesota Territory's governor, Alexander Ramsey and Sub-Agent John Watrous, were directly involved as prime movers from start to end. By moving the place for the annual annuity payments to a new temporary sub-agency at Sandy Lake on the east bank of the upper Mississippi and by stalling the delivery of annuity goods and money, they planned to trap the Chippewa by winter weather, thus forcing them to remain at this remote, isolated location. This scheme, kept secret from both local Americans and the Chippewa, was designed to break the tenacious resistance of these Indians, who had rebuffed earlier efforts to persuade them to resettle in northwestern Minnesota. The stratagem failed. It succeeded only in reinforcing the opposition of the Chippewa to relocation even though it had killed large numbers of them: of the some three thousand who gathered at Sandy Lake in early October, some four hundred died before the survivors could make their way back to their homes by the following January.
1853
In the winter of 1853-1854, a smallpox epidemic claimed the lives of many residents of La Pointe.
LOUISE ROBIDOUX AND PRUDENT DUGAL
TOLD BY DAVID DUGAL
"Great Grandpa Dugal (Pete) married a widow with four children. One of these children married Ed McKay who is Frank McKay's father. Pete Dugal and the widow had one child.....Joe Dugal. Frank McKay and Anna McKay are brother and sister. Anna McKay married Joe Barrington (George Barrington)."
MY THOUGHTS
Etienne (Stephen) St. Martin may have died between 1850-1854. Louise and her four children were included in the Sandy Lake Annuity Roll, November 28, 1850. Louise Robidoux St. Martin married Prudent (Pete) Dugal before 1855. Prudent (Pete) Dugal and Louise had a son, Joseph Adolph Dugal, born in 1855. Prudent (Pete) Dugal married a woman by the name of Louisa (Louise), per Certificate of Death. This Louise was the widow of Etienne (Stephen) St. Martin and the mother of Edward (Peter Edward), Louise, Baptiste and Margaret. Prudent (Pete) married a widow with four children, one child, a daughter, married Robert Edward McKay. This daughter, Margaret St. Martin, married Robert Edward McKay.
1851
1851 Census of Canada
Name: Prudent Dugal
Gender: Male
Age: 38
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1814
Birthplace: Cap Sauté
Born of Canadian Parents: Yes
Province: Canada East (Quebec)
District: St. Maurice County
District Number: 26
Sub District: Ste Anne
Sub District Number: 386
Page: 131
Line: 2
Roll: C_1139
Schedule: A
1880
In 1880 Prudent Dugal was widowed and living with his son and daughter-in-law, Joseph and Anna Dugal, in Anson, Chippewa, Wisconsin. The census states that he is 66 years of age, born 1814, in Canada.
Eau Claire, Wisconsin Directories
Name: Peter Dugal (Prudent)
City: Chippewa Falls
State: WI
Year: 1889, 1890
Location: 35 N. Main
Eau Claire, Wisconsin Directories
Name: Joseph Dugal
City: Chippewa Falls
State: WI
Occupation: Laborer
Year: 1889, 1890
Location: 35 N. Main
1900
Wisconsin Deaths
Name: Prudman Dugal
Death Date: January 7, 1900
County: Chippewa
Volume: 01
Page #: 0381
Image Num: 101231
Sequence #: 089478
Level Info: Wisconsin Vital Records Death Index.
OBITUARY
90 YEARS OLD
-----------------------
Prudent Dugal Dies Sunday Night
at His Home on
Main Street
-----------------------
Was the First Blacksmith in Chippewa Falls, a Veteran of the Mexican War
-----------------------
There lies dead in his coffin at his home, on Main street, South Side, Prudent Dugal, one of the very oldest residents of the city. His demise occurred Sunday evening at 7 o'clock.
Mr. Dugal was born in Three Rivers, Canada, in 1810, and came to Chippewa when there were but two or three white folks here. The city at that time was the only settlement in the Chippewa valley, and consisted of a blacksmith shop and one or two dwellings located where the farm of Patrick O'Neil now is, five miles north of where the city is located. He came on a visit to Jean Burnett, the oldest settler, and intended to return, but after remaining a year found that the country was destined to become more populated, and he remained. He was the leader of a large colony of Canadians who afterward settled and who were identified with the early settlement of the city. His mind was clear especially upon matters of long-gone history. He remembered very well the early days when he came up the river, and at times was characteristically reminiscent over events and people he knew who pioneered in the Chippewa county and noted with pleasure the changes that had occurred from the early days. Going back into his early career the old man used to talk of the days when he carried a chain and guided surveying parties through the primeval forest, and he often remarked that he had a pathfinder on the very spot where he helped stake out the city and where he has spent his declining years.
Considering the long time that he has lived his health has been comparatively good to the last, and the evening of his days closed gently in after ninety years of existence. Death was due to the general wearing out of his system.
Mr. Dugal was the first blacksmith by trade who came up the Chippewa river. He was also distinguished as being the only surviving veteran of the Mexican war residing in the county.
He was married in 1863 to Louise McMartin. Four children are surviving members of the family.
NOTE: Prudent was married in 1853 to Louise St. Martin with Edward (Peter Edward), Louise, Baptiste and Margaret surviving.
CHILD OF LOUISE ROBIDOUX AND PRUDENT DUGAL
Joseph Adolph Dugal was born on March 26, 1855 in Chippewa Falls.
1860
1860 United States Federal Census
Name: Addofph Dugal
Age in 1860: 5
Birth Year: abt 1855
Birthplace: Wisconsin
Home in 1860: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin
Gender: Male
Post Office: Chippewa Falls
Household Members:
Batise la Sait, 51
Mary Sait, 41
Batise Baziner, 18
Olvin Baziner, 13
Rosette Baziner, 12
Addofph Dugal, 5 (Joseph Dugal)
Source Citation: Year: 1860; Census Place: Chippewa Falls, Chippewa, Wisconsin; Roll: M653_1401; Page: 42; Image: 47; Family History Library Film: 805401.
1895
OBITUARY
KILLED WHILE AT WORK
SAD FATE OF JOSEPH DUGAL OF SOUTH CHIPPEWA
HEAVY TIMBER CRUSHES HIM
While at Work on the Chippewa River Bridge Last Night He Meets Instant Death. Joseph Dugal, a member of last year's common council and a highly esteemed resident of this city, met instant death last night while employed on the repair work being done to the Chippewa River Bridge. It was but a few moments before quitting time the accident happened that so suddenly snuffed out a life. Dugal and Mike Gonyea were putting a needle beam in place beneath the bridge, intending to fasten it for the time being so that the jarring of the bridge at night would not shake it from its resting place. The timber was green and wet and it moved readily on the iron cleats which held it at either end. Dugal was attempting to drive a bolt through it and two similar beams. Perhaps the jar of the blows shook it down or its falling might have been due to other causes; at any rate neither Dugal nor Gonyea was aware that their position was so dangerous. Gonyea saw it fall and shouted to his co-worker to beware but the warning came too late. The timber struck the dead man on the temple and jammed his head in such a manner that the skull was badly fractured.
The coroner's jury last night elicited the information that no one could well be blamed for the accident. Mr. Arnold, who is superintendent of the work, said that eight sets of beams had been put up in the same manner and the one which the men were working last night, and Mr. Gonyea, who witnessed the accident, testified that he could not see that there was carelessness either on the part of the superintendent or employees.
Mr. Dugal was a member of the Catholic Knights in good standing. The funeral will take place tomorrow morning at 9 o'clock from Holy Ghost church.
HAPLOGROUP X2a1c
Haplogroup X2a (the Amerian clade) split very early from all other X2 haplotypes in the Middle East and from there the X2a carriers swiftly moved on into Siberia and accessed America in a second migratory wave, not long after the first wave. Haplogroup X2a1c is found with particular prevalence in the Ojibwe from the Great Lakes. Unlike the four main Native American haplogroups (A, B, C and D), X is not associated with East Asia.
Family Members
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