Suggested edit by Contributor: -Steve Coppinger on 4 Jun 2022-Member # 47686721-
Names on the Family Photo -
Front row: Charlie Roswell Atwell holding Henry Clay Atwell; Mary Ann (Morrison) Atwell holding Charles Toliver Atwell; George Washington Atwell (Charlie Roswell Atwell's father); Gertrude "Gertie" Atwell. Back row standing: Delphia Percilla Atwell, James Bennett Atwell, Stepto William Atwell and Media Evelyn Atwell. (Media is my grandmother).From - By -Steve Coppinger-

Military Service of George Washington (G.W.) Atwell by Steven A. Coppinger, M.S.1
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Copiah County, situated in southwest central Mississippi, was considered a prosperous and thriving area. Established by an Act of the Mississippi Legislature on January 21, 1823, Copiah County was formed with land taken from Hinds County. Its earliest settlers came from Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. Rural in character with an economy based on agriculture, especially the cultivation of cotton, land was cheap and filled with many small farms. Yet, some larger, more prosperous and productive plantations, could also be found. Unfortunately, many of the county's agricultural laborers enlisted in the Confederate Army leaving behind the older men, younger boys, and women to assume responsibility of running the family farms. One of those who would enlist was George Washington (G.W.) Atwell.

George and his father, Roswell Nathaniel (R.N.) Atwell, originally from Ohio, and probably his mother, Harriett Jane (Stewart) Atwell, originally of South Carolina, most likely discussed the announcement that one or all of them likely read that had been published in the Wednesday, August 21, 1861, edition of the Copiah County News, Hazlehurst, Mississippi's local newspaper, carrying the headline, "Going to Meet the Yankees." The announcement read,
The 'Crystal Springs Guards' under command of the undersigned, was regularly mustered into the State service on Saturday, the 17th inst. Young men who wish to enter the service immediately would do well to come up and enroll their names. We are now under marching orders.
A.B. LOWE, Captain.
Crystal Springs, August 19, 1861

Whether or not George's parents knew that he had mustered into service as a member of the "Crystal Springs Guard" before the recruitment notice was published in the town's newspaper is unclear. What is known is that six days after the recruitment notice was published, a Confederate enlistment officer at Crystal Springs, Mississippi, recorded onto Captain Aaron B. Lowe's Company Muster Roll, dated August 27, 1861, that 18-year-old George W. Atwell, on August 17, 1861, had added his name to the roll to serve as a Private to the State of Mississippi and was now a member of the Crystal Springs Guard.

One week later, on August 24, 1861, he was mustered into service for a 12-month enlistment as a Private in the Army of the Confederate States. George was no longer a member of the Crystal Springs Guard. He was now a soldier in the Sixth (6th) Mississippi (Miss.) Volunteer (Vol.) Infantry Regiment.

The 6th Regiment was comprised of ten companies of men: designated Companies A through K. Regimental commanders included Colonel John Jones (J.J.) Thornton, a doctor of medicine; Lieutenant Colonel Enoch R. Bennett; and Major Robert Lowry. Company F, of which George was now a part, was comprised of all of the original members of the Crystal Springs Guard who would continue to serve under the command of Captain Lowe.

In early September 1861, George and the other soldiers of the 6th Regiment received orders to move roughly 200 miles north from Grenada, Grenada County, Mississippi, to Trenton, Gibson County, Tennessee. On September 25, 1861, a Company Muster-In Roll was created naming all of the soldiers arriving at Trenton. George's name appears on that muster-in roll. However, when the muster-in roll was created, George's age was listed on the roll as being 16. Shortly after arriving in Trenton, the regiment was ordered to move another 30 miles north to Union City, Obion County, Tennessee. While at Union City, the 6th Regiment was attached to the Central Army of Kentucky under the command of Major General William J. Hardee.

In October 1861, the 6th Regiment left Union City and traveled eastward, roughly 75 miles, to Dover, Stewart County, Tennessee. From Dover, the regiment continued onward another 95 miles to Bowling Green, Warren County, Kentucky. Upon arriving at Bowling Green, the regiment was assembled together with various other units and placed under the overall command of General Albert Sydney (A.S.) Johnston who attached the 6th Regiment to the Second Brigade being led by Colonel Patrick R. Cleburne.

Colonel Cleburne immediately began drilling and training George and the other Mississippi volunteers to make their regiment one of the best trained in the division. The winter of 1861 was not kind to the soldiers of the 6th Regiment. Diseases such as typhoid fever and measles caused the deaths of many. As a result, the size of the regiment declined from its original strength of 601 soldiers to approximately 150. By January 1862, the remaining soldiers weakened due to illness recovered sufficiently to return to duty.

After U.S. General Ulysses S. Grant captured Fort Henry in February 1862, he focused the Army's attention toward Fort Donelson near Dover, Stewart County, Tennessee. Confederate forces in and around Bowling Green withdrew from the area they were camped because their defenses to repel General Grant and his Army were inadequate. Colonel Cleburne's Second Brigade, of which the 6th Regiment was a part, endured rain, sleet and snow to provide the rear guard for the withdrawing Confederate forces.

The 6th Regiment ended up marching 65 miles from Bowling Green, Kentucky, to Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee; 35 miles from Nashville to Murfreesboro, Rutherford County, Tennessee; 25 miles south from Murfreesboro to Shelbyville, Bedford County, Tennessee; 26 miles south from Shelbyville to Fayetteville, Lincoln County, Tennessee; 65 miles south from Fayetteville to Decatur, Morgan County, Alabama; and then 95 miles west from Decatur to Corinth, Alcorn County, Mississippi. George and the other weary soldiers of the 6th Regiment arrived at Corinth by the end of March 1862.

Established at the junction of the Memphis and Charleston railroad and the Mobile and Ohio railroad, Corinth was a bustling community from which to organize and dispatch troops. In his book, Going to Meet the Yankees: A History of the "Bloody Sixth" Mississippi Infantry, C.S.A., author H. Grady Howell, Jr., described how the 6th Regiment's "surviving, shivering elements trudged slowly through ankle-deep mud into Corinth."

By the end of March 1862, all of the Confederate troops at Corinth under the command of General A.S. Johnston were redesignated as the Army of Mississippi. The 6th Regiment was still attached to Major General Hardee's division within Colonel Cleburne's Second Brigade.

On April 3, 1862, George and the other soldiers within the 6th Regiment received orders to prepare five days rations, carry 100 rounds of ammunition per man and be ready to march. Shortly after this order was given, the regiment was on its way 25 miles northeast from Corinth to Pittsburg Landing, Hardin County, Tennessee. Information had been received by Confederate commanders that General Grant had set up his headquarters at Pittsburg Landing. As Confederate forces made their way toward Pittsburg Landing, heavy rains began to fall the evening of April 4th rendering the country roads difficult to negotiate.

By April 5th, George and the other soldiers of the 6th Regiment was within two miles of the Union encampment; close enough that the voices of the Union soldiers could be heard.

At dawn on Sunday, April 6th, Confederate forces began firing upon Grant's encamped army. The morning of the attack, Confederate soldier Joseph Dimmit Thompson recorded in his diary, "The day is beautiful. The sun shines brilliantly from a clear blue sky upon this field of carnage below."

The Third Corps, under General Hardee, was assigned to the left flank of the Confederate battle line with recently promoted Brigadier General Cleburne's division taking up position on the far left of the line. General Cleburne recorded in a report to General Hardee that the order of his division's battle line had the "Twenty-third Tennessee on the right, Sixth Mississippi next, Fifth Tennessee next, Twenty-fourth Tennessee on the left, Fifteenth Arkansas deployed as the skirmishers in front of the line, with their reserve near the left, and the second Tennessee en echelon 500 yards in the rear of my left flank."

As the battle began, the 6th Regiment had good momentum in open ground and was in good formation for its advance. However, upon entering the woods, they began to lose order. Several of the men fell behind. They also came under fire from Union pickets. As the 6th Regiment advanced upon the Union encampment located atop a hill in front of them, the Union soldiers, supported by artillery, began shooting down at the advancing Mississippi forces from the top of the hill. Despite traveling through the thick under brush and receiving enemy fire, the 6th Regiment was the first to reach the edge of the Union camp. Union soldiers, aided by artillery, opened fire on the invading Rebel army. Men fell, leaving gaps in the Confederate line.

Eventually, the Confederate soldiers fell back to the woods to regroup. Again, and again the 6th Regiment attacked the Union camp. Each time, they were repelled. Joseph Dimmit Thompson recorded in his diary, "The field presents an awful scene!! The mangled bodies of the dead are lying in all directions. The wounded are mostly all carried off the ground." James Lee McDonough, author of Shiloh – in Hell before Night, describes the 6th Regiment as it charged into battle at Shiloh as "a ragtag regiment whose men were dressed and equipped with little or no regard for uniformity."

After a color bearer fell, Colonel Thornton picked up the colors of the 6th Regiment and carried them forward until he, too, was shot and severely wounded. In all, seven color bearers were shot down. General Cleburne later wrote of the 6th Regiment's gallant efforts, "Again and again the Sixth Mississippi, unaided, charged the enemy's line, and it was only when the regiment had lost 300 officers and men killed and wounded, out of an aggregate of 425, that it yielded and retreated in disorder over its own dead and dying. Colonel Thornton and Major Lowry, the field officers, were both wounded. It would be useless to enlarge on the courage and devotion of the Sixth Mississippi. The facts recorded speak louder than any words of mine." Colonel William Preston Johnston also wrote that, "The impetuous courage and tenacity of this magnificent regiment deserved a better fate." It was at the Battle of Shiloh that the 6th Regiment came to be known as "The Bloody Sixth."

After the Battle of Shiloh, Joseph Dimmit Thompson, a member of Captain John C. Carter's Company B, attached to the 38th Tennessee Regiment, recorded in his diary, "The whole army was soon in motion and marching very slowly on to Corinth in good order. We had not proceeded 7 miles before hundreds of our men, from privation and suffering, gave out and were compelled to lay down by the roadside. Some poor fellows died during the night from exhaustion and exposure to the hard, beating, cold rain. I was compelled to lay down – as tired nature could not hold out any longer – in the rain and on the wet ground. This battle has been a most bloody and fearful one!! Our loss is undoubtedly 10,000 in killed, wounded and missing . . ."

The 6th Regiment was on a slow path to recovery with only 40 of its men cleared for active duty following the Battle of Shiloh. Due to its depleted strength, Special Orders No. 41, issued under General Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard's authority, transferred the 6th Regiment to General John C. Breckinridge as a reserve corps of the Army of the Mississippi.

As of April 26, 1862, the regiment was under the command of General Braxton Bragg. General Beauregard also ordered the election of new officers on May 8, 1862. Colonel J.J. Thornton was re-elected to serve as Colonel but resigned from the post before the end of the month. Major Lowry was then elected to serve as the 6th Regiment's new Colonel.

In June 1862, New Orleans fell into Union hands. Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi, became the target for Union occupation. Confederate forces were immediately dispatched to Vicksburg to defend the city. The 6th Regiment marched to Abbeville, Lafayette County, Mississippi, on June 25, 1862, and boarded train cars bound for Vicksburg.

However, George was not a part of the Confederate force enroute to Vicksburg. A 6th Regiment Company Muster Roll for the time period beginning June 24, 1862, and continuing through September 1, 1862, reflects that the now 17-year-old George was "on furlough at home." In all likelihood, George was one of the over 8,000 Confederate soldiers wounded during the Battle of Shiloh and was at home in Copiah County recuperating.

On September 6, 1862, the 6th Regiment departed Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi, headed for the northern part of the state. Arriving at Davis' Mill, near Michigan City, Benton County, Mississippi, the Confederate army was once again reorganized resulting in the 6th Regiment and various other units being placed into a brigade under the command of Brigadier General John Stevens Bowen. It is believed that George was now back serving with his fellow soldiers in the 6th Regiment as a part of this new brigade.

General Grant never gave up his goals of capturing Vicksburg as well as the Confederate capitol at Jackson. By the end of November 1862, he moved his army south from Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, toward Mississippi. Confederate forces in northern Mississippi withdrew toward Grenada. By December 2, 1862, the 6th Regiment was at Grenada, entrenched on the south side of the Yalobusha River. Morale was low and rations scare. The ranks of the regiment's personnel were thin due to their being captured by Union troops and due to desertion.

George, however, was still at his post of duty. A Company Muster Roll for November and December 1862, reflects that George was present when the muster roll was created. It also reflects that he had been paid for his military service through September 1, 1862.

While still stationed at Grenada, the Confederate forces were reorganized on January 9, 1863. The 6th Regiment became affiliated with the brigade of Brigadier General Albert Rust (part of the First Division) under the command of Major General William Wing Loring. General Rust's Brigade left Vaiden, Carroll County, Mississippi the first of February 1863, and rode in train cars to Jackson. Nine days later, they departed Jackson and marched to the Big Black River situated between Jackson and Vicksburg as they slowly made their way toward Port Hudson, East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, approximately 130 miles to the south.

The 6th Regiment finally arrived near Port Hudson the middle of March 1863. George was still a member of the 6th Regiment during this time as his name appears on the Company Muster Roll for the period of time beginning February 28, 1863, and continuing until June 30, 1863. However, the muster roll does not say whether George was present or absent when the roll was created. It does, however, reflect he had been paid for his military service through January 1, 1863.

On April 17, 1863, the 6th Regiment, along with the 1st Confederate Battalion and Hudson's Battery were ordered to Grand Gulf, Claiborne County, Mississippi, to reinforce General Bowen's troops. The three units left Jackson the very next day. By now, the 6th Regiment, serving in the Second Brigade of General Bowen's division under Brigadier General Martin E. Green, had roughly 600 men.

Two hours past midnight on May 1, 1863, soldiers were awakened by the sound of musket fire. News spread quickly that General Grant's army had arrived and the Confederate forces quickly formed a line of battle in the darkness. The Battle of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi, had begun. The 6th Regiment had a good location on top of a ridge and successfully repelled their Union attackers. Six hours into the battle, General Bowen personally ordered the 6th Regiment and the 23rd Alabama to take an enemy battery located on a nearby ridge. He personally led the attack down a ravine, across a corn field, and up a hill successfully capturing the guns. Finding the location untenable, the 6th Regiment and the 23rd Alabama had to slowly withdraw back to their original positions. The 6th Regiment suffered 100 casualties during the battle.

General Green, referring to the 6th Regiment and two other regiments that were new to his command, wrote, "They fought most gallantly and did honor to the States they represent, and will do to rely upon in any emergency."

Union soldiers during the Battle of Port Gibson were able to add men and extend their battle lines. The Confederate forces did not have that luxury. The Confederate troops were exhausted and their lines crumbled after 12 hours of heavy fighting. Roughly 1,000 Confederate soldiers were captured. Many retreated. When the order to retreat was given, weary Confederate soldiers fled through Port Gibson as Union soldiers gave chase.

By sunrise on May 3, 1863, the Confederate army was withdrawing from Claiborne County and was near Hankinson's Ferry, the main river crossing over the Big Black River, on the road between Port Gibson and Vicksburg. The 6th Regiment, once again, provided a rear guard as the rest of the Confederate army escaped.

Minor skirmishes between Confederate forces and Union soldiers continued in the area until General Grant began a siege on the City of Vicksburg. The 6th Regiment was sent to Vicksburg to participate as a relief army under the command of General Joseph E. Johnston.

The siege at Vicksburg lasted 47 days and ended with Confederate General John C. Pemberton's surrender to General Grant on July 4, 1863. Once paroled, Major Stevens headed toward Jackson with his demoralized, unarmed, hungry men.

There is every reason to believe that Private George W. Atwell was one of those men. A Company Muster Roll covering the time period of July and August 1863, bears George's name. However, the muster roll does not reflect the actual date the muster roll was created nor does it indicate if the now 18-year-old George was present or absent when the muster roll was taken.

The roll does reflect that George had not been paid for any of his military service since January 1, 1863. A Company Muster Roll covering the time period of September and October 1863, also bears George's name. The Muster Roll indicates that George was absent when that muster roll was taken and records that he had been captured at Vicksburg on July 4, 1863.3 George's name appears on a Roll of Prisoners of War that was compiled at Vicksburg on July 10, 1863.

George's parole document that he signed on July 7, 1863, reads:
I, G.W. Atwell a Private of Co. F 6th Reg't Miss Vols. C.S.A., being a prisoner of War, in the hands of the United States Forces, in virtue of the capitulation of the city of Vicksburg and its Garrison, by Lieut. Gen. John C. Pemberton, C.S.A., Commanding, on the 4th day of July, 1863, do in pursuant of the terms of said capitulations, give this my solemn parole under oath – That I will not take up arms again against the United States, nor serve in any military, police, or constabulary force in any Fort, Garrison or field work, held by the Confederate States of America, against the United States of America, nor as guard of any prisons, depots or stores nor discharge any duties usually performed by Officers or soldiers against the United States of America, until duly exchanged by the proper authorities.
G.W. Atwell Private
Co F 6 Miss
Sworn to and subscribed before me at Vicksburg, Miss., this 7 day of July 1863.
The name of the paroling officer is illegible. The name of the officer attesting that George signed his name to the parole document is Captain D.T. Oliver of Company F, 22nd Mississippi Infantry Regiment.

George's name next appears on a Company Muster Roll for November and December 1863, reflecting that he was still serving as a member of the 6th Regiment. However, he was listed as "absent with leave" when the roll was created. The term "absent with leave" indicates George had the permission of his commander to be absent from duty. Exactly where George was during those two months is not known. It is surmised that he may have been back home in Crystal Springs; some 35 miles southwest of Brandon.

On March 20, 1864, Lieutenant General Polk issued Special Orders No. 80, placing Colonel Lowry in charge of an expedition to force any deserters back into the army. The 6th Regiment was a part of that expeditionary force and it is presumed that George was back on duty with his regiment. General Polk received regular reports of the expedition's progress and was well pleased by the results. Victoria E. Bynam, author of The Free State of Jones: Mississippi's Longest Civil War, reveals the secret to Lowry's success, stating that "Deserters who were captured by Colonel Lowry's men escaped execution by enlisting in or returning to the Confederate Army."

The 6th Regiment, upon finishing its expedition then served in Brigadier General Adams' Brigade of Lieutenant General Loring's Division of the Army of Mississippi. In early May 1864, the 6th Regiment was ordered to march to Demopolis, Marengo County, Alabama.

George's name appears on a Company Muster Roll for May and June 1864, indicating that he was still an active member of the 6th Regiment. The muster roll shows he was "present" on the date the muster roll was created and also reflects that George had finally been paid for his military services for the time period of January 1, 1863, through December 31, 1863.

Shortly thereafter, the 6th Regiment made its way to Franklin, Williamson County, Tennessee. Now a part of the Army of Tennessee, but still serving in General Adams' Brigade, the 6th Regiment participated in the November 30, 1864, Battle of Franklin under the command of General John Bell Hood. There is no documentary evidence to prove that George participated in the Battle of Franklin. However, there is no documentary evidence to prove he did not.

After the Confederate forces were defeated at Franklin, the rest of the military actions of the 6th Regiment became somewhat inconsequential. The dissolution of the Confederate States of America was imminent. On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House, tolling the death knell for the Confederacy.

Although General Lee capitulated, there were still armed Confederate troops operating in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas and the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). As Grady Howell, Jr., explains in his book, Going to Meet the Yankees: A History of the Bloody Sixth, the remaining members of the 6th Regiment left the confederate army in two factions: one group eventually surrendered as members of the 15th Mississippi with General Johnston at the close of April 1865. The other group continued South to continue fighting under the command of Lieutenant General Richard Taylor. Private George W. Atwell's military record suggests that he was part of the second group who chose to continue fighting.

Subsequent to his capture and parole at Vicksburg in July 1863, then 19-year-old George, along with other members of the 6th Regiment, became attached to company of cavalry soldiers under the command of Colonel Frank P. Powers. In the fall of 1863, Colonel Powers had been ordered by General Johnston to proceed to southwestern Mississippi and eastern Louisiana to gather together and organize soldiers who were not yet attached to an existing cavalry unit. Once organized into various cavalry companies, the companies would then be organized into a cavalry regiment and then into a cavalry battalion. The Confederate Secretary of War assigned Colonel Powers to serve as commander of the cavalry regiment he organized which became known as "Power's Regiment of Cavalry."4 Private George W. Atwell eventually entered into service in Company C of Power's Regiment, Mississippi Cavalry.

At the time of General Johnston's surrender at the end of April 1865, Lieutenant General Richard Taylor, son of former U.S. President Zachary Taylor, commanded around 10,000 men in various military units operating within the Confederate Department of Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana. Power's Regiment of Cavalry was one of those units. News of General Johnston's surrender negotiations with General Sherman led Taylor to seek a meeting with his Union counterpart, Major General Edward R.S. Canby. The pair met several miles north of Mobile, Alabama, on May 2, 1865. Canby offered Taylor the same terms agreed upon between Lee and Grant. Taylor accepted the terms and surrendered his command on May 4, 1865, at Citronelle, Mobile County, Alabama.

Private George W. Atwell of Copiah County, Mississippi, along with all the other soldiers under Colonel Powers' command, surrendered to Union troops at Citronelle, Alabama, on May 4, 1865. George's name was, once more, entered onto a Federal roll as a Confederate prisoner of war. Two weeks later, on May 19, 1865, at Jackson, Mississippi, George was paroled and released, thus ending his military service to the Confederate States of America. No other military service records for George are known to exist.

After the Civil War, George and his wife, Betty Elizabeth (Manning) Atwell; and their children: son, Marcus Toliver "Bud" Atwell; daughter, Georgia Anne Atwell; and son, John William Atwell, all left Copiah County, Mississippi, around 1870 and migrated to Kansas in search of land being made available through an 1862 Federal law known as The Homestead Act. Under the provisions of the Act, settlers could claim 160 acres of public land. After paying a small filing fee settlers had had two options for gaining title to the land. The first option, they could live on the 160 acres for five continuous years, build a residence on it, grow crops on it and then file for a deed to the property. The second option, they could purchase the land from the Federal government for $1.25 per acre after living on the land for six months, building a home on it, and growing crops on it. Soldiers with two years of service were eligible to acquire the land after one year of residency. More than one million people streamed into Kansas seeking a new life on the frontier after the Civil War. George and his family were among that number.

George Washington Atwell
Under the Homestead Act, George and his family settled onto, and obtained a patent to, an 80-acre tract of land, in a township between Frankfort and Blue Rapids in Marshall County, Kansas. Specifically, Certificate No. 450 deeded to "George W. Atwell of Marshall County – Kansas," on the 15th of June, 1872, the "East half of the South East quarter of section ten in Township four South of Range eight east, in the district of lands subject to sale at Concordia, Kansas containing eighty acres."

Source: Kansas Historical Society (http://www.kansasmemory.org). 1904 Plat Map of Township 4 South, Range 8 East, Marshall County, Kansas, reflecting approximate location of George Atwell's 80 acres of land.

Sources
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