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Frederic Ward Putnam

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Frederic Ward Putnam

Birth
Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts, USA
Death
14 Aug 1915 (aged 76)
Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, USA
Burial
Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, USA Add to Map
Memorial ID
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Frederic Ward Putnam (16 April 1839 - Salem, Massachusetts – 14 August 1915, Cambridge, Massachusetts) was an American naturalist and anthropologist. Putnam was born and raised in Salem, Massachusetts. He became curator of ornithology at the Essex Institute in Salem in 1856.[2] That year he published List of the Birds of Essex County. He took his college studies at the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard University, and was a student of Louis Agassiz at the Museum of Comparative Zoology which was also part of Harvard. He graduated from Harvard in 1862. Putnam's early work as a naturalist was done with fellow students he had first met while studying under Agassiz, Edward Sylvester Morse, A. S. Packard and Alpheus Hyatt. These four were later the founders of the American Naturalist in 1867. Putnam originated The Naturalist's Directory in 1865. In 1864 Putnam became the first director of the Peabody Museum of Salem. He was closely involved with convincing George Peabody to put up the money to found the museum. In 1867 he was appointed superintendent of the East Indian Marine Society's Museum at Salem. In 1874 Putnam became the curator of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University from 1874 to 1909. He directed archæological digs across 37 U.S. states and in other countries. In 1875 was appointed civilian assistant on the United States surveys west of the 100th meridian, his duties being to make investigations and reports of the archæological and ethnological material collected. Putnam studied both natural history and North American archeology. Among other projects, Putnam did an archaeological survey of Ohio from 1880-1895, where he was instrumental in having the Great Serpent Mound preserved. He also surveyed New Jersey extensively. Putnam was appointed the lead curator and head of the anthropology department in 1891 for the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held in Chicago in 1893. He spent much of the two years leading up to the exposition organizing and directing expeditions dispatched to all parts of the Americas and other parts of the world to gather natural history and ethnographic items for the exhibition. As the exposition was drawing to a close, Putnam agitated for a permanent home to be found for the collection of artifacts amassed under his supervision. Late in 1893 what was to become the Field Museum of Natural History was incorporated, opening the following year. Putnam held hopes of becoming the museum's first director but was unsuccessful. Putnam was also active in professional organizations, which were rapidly organizing. In 1898 he was elected president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1901 he was president of the American Folklore Society. In 1905 he was president of the American Anthropological Association. He was invited to become a member of the National Academy of Sciences and of many foreign learned societies. Putnam is widely known as the "Father of American Archaeology" for his contribution of scientific methods and direction of many of the nascent field's best students.
Frederic Ward Putnam (16 April 1839 - Salem, Massachusetts – 14 August 1915, Cambridge, Massachusetts) was an American naturalist and anthropologist. Putnam was born and raised in Salem, Massachusetts. He became curator of ornithology at the Essex Institute in Salem in 1856.[2] That year he published List of the Birds of Essex County. He took his college studies at the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard University, and was a student of Louis Agassiz at the Museum of Comparative Zoology which was also part of Harvard. He graduated from Harvard in 1862. Putnam's early work as a naturalist was done with fellow students he had first met while studying under Agassiz, Edward Sylvester Morse, A. S. Packard and Alpheus Hyatt. These four were later the founders of the American Naturalist in 1867. Putnam originated The Naturalist's Directory in 1865. In 1864 Putnam became the first director of the Peabody Museum of Salem. He was closely involved with convincing George Peabody to put up the money to found the museum. In 1867 he was appointed superintendent of the East Indian Marine Society's Museum at Salem. In 1874 Putnam became the curator of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University from 1874 to 1909. He directed archæological digs across 37 U.S. states and in other countries. In 1875 was appointed civilian assistant on the United States surveys west of the 100th meridian, his duties being to make investigations and reports of the archæological and ethnological material collected. Putnam studied both natural history and North American archeology. Among other projects, Putnam did an archaeological survey of Ohio from 1880-1895, where he was instrumental in having the Great Serpent Mound preserved. He also surveyed New Jersey extensively. Putnam was appointed the lead curator and head of the anthropology department in 1891 for the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held in Chicago in 1893. He spent much of the two years leading up to the exposition organizing and directing expeditions dispatched to all parts of the Americas and other parts of the world to gather natural history and ethnographic items for the exhibition. As the exposition was drawing to a close, Putnam agitated for a permanent home to be found for the collection of artifacts amassed under his supervision. Late in 1893 what was to become the Field Museum of Natural History was incorporated, opening the following year. Putnam held hopes of becoming the museum's first director but was unsuccessful. Putnam was also active in professional organizations, which were rapidly organizing. In 1898 he was elected president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1901 he was president of the American Folklore Society. In 1905 he was president of the American Anthropological Association. He was invited to become a member of the National Academy of Sciences and of many foreign learned societies. Putnam is widely known as the "Father of American Archaeology" for his contribution of scientific methods and direction of many of the nascent field's best students.


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