Married Nancy Barton (1770-1798) in 1789. There were 4 known children to this union:
Mary Goodwin 1790-1804
Jesse Goodwin 1792-1817
John Bully Goodwin 1794-1861
Martha Goodwin 1798-1849

Married Sarah Brown on May 21, 1801 in Christian County, Ky. There are 11 known children to this union:
Elizabeth Goodwin 1801-1895
Ann Goodwin 1803-1852
Jane Goodwin 1805-1861
Samuel Goodwin 1807-1808
Margaret Brown Goodwin 1809-1891
Robert S. Goodwin 1811-1885
Elmira Goodwin 1813-1841
Lydia Goodwin 1815-?
Nancy Emaline Goodwin 1817-1836
William C. Goodwin 1819-1876
Benjamin Franklin Goodwin 1821-1893
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Per the History of Trigg County Kentucky book written by William Henry Perrin pg 122:

In the same company was one Robert Goodwin, who had been a companion of Jackson's in his younger days, and who now under his leadership was with his family going to see a home in the rich and newly settled Tennessee country. After a long and perilous journey, the hardy emigrants reached their destination and were obliged to take refuge in the block house at Nashville until the Indian hostilities ceased, which was not until about a year and a half later. In 1792 or 1793 Samuel Goodwin and his family, together with a few spirits as hardy and daring as himself, left the Nashville settlement and came to Kentucky. Goodwin found his way into what is now Trigg County and settled a short distance from Cerulean Springs on what is known as the Gardner farm, where he erected a diminutive log cabin and cleared a small farm.

This in all probability was the first permanent white settlement in the count east of the Cumberland River, although it is claimed by some that a few cabins had been built previous to this time near Boyd's Landing or Canton. With Goodwin came his sons Samuel and Jesse, both of them were men grown. The former settled about one mile above the Springs, where his son Robert Goodwin now lives, while the latter improved the land now known as the Wake place, near the village, on which he resided until the year 1825. Robert S Goodwin Sr, died prior to 1812. Samuel was an honored citizen until the time of his death in 1843. His son Robert Goodwin Jr. was born in the year 1811 and has lived on the old homestead continuously from that time to the present. He is one of the oldest residents of the county, and justly esteemed one of its most intelligent and honored citizens. A man by the name of Spencer came to the county a few months after Goodwin's arrival and settled on land adjoining the latter's place.