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Captain John Manning, of Manning's Island
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John Manning,was born in Kent, England to William and Hannah Manning. William was a merchant of Cambridge and Boston.
John was the brother of William Manning, Jr., (1614 - 1690).
He was descended from an ancient family who had their early origin in Germany and went over, in the 4th century, from Saxony to England. His father came to Massachusetts with his family and settled at Cambridge, Massachusetts. Records show John in Boston in 1650.
His employment in New York came through the recommendation of Samuel Maverick, (brother of his first wife, Abigail) who, in a letter of 16 September, 1663, to the Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, commended Manning as one "who hath many years been a commander under Major-General Morgan, who hath given him a large and ample certificate, which he will shew you He is well known and beloved in New England, and will be fit for any employment in the militia."
He came to New York in 1664, and in the same year accompanied the expedition for the reduction of Fort Orange, where he attended and was a witness to the first treaty that the English concluded with the Five Nations, and after the surrender of the place was left in charge of the fort.
He was High Sheriff of the city of New York from 1667 till 1672, in 1669 was a member of the commission that was sent to Esopus to regulate the affairs of that district, was judge of the court for the West Riding of Yorkshire, and acted as High Sheriff of Yorkshire from 1671 to 1673. He enjoyed the confidence of Governor Lovelace, served as a member of his council, and when the governor was called to any distance from the city, Fort James and public affairs were placed in Manning's charge. While he was thus in command, in 1673, the Dutch fleet arrived and demanded the surrender of the fort, which, after some resistance, was given up. He sailed for England, waited on the king and Duke of York, and explained to them the particulars of the surrender, on hearing which the king, Charles II, turned to the duke and said: "Brother, the ground could not be maintained with so few men."
While in England to see the King concerning his surrender of New York to the Dutch, John was executor to the estate of his long-time friend, Walter Manningham. He married the widow Bridget Manningham, but she died on the voyage to America. John regarded and raised Bridget and Walter's daughter, Mary Manningham, as his own.
Captain Manning returned to New York with Governor Andros, and was soon afterward tried by court-martial on charges of treachery and cowardice. He was acquitted of the former but found guilty of cowardice, and on 5 February, 1675, sentenced to have his sword broken over his head and rendered incapable of again holding office under his majesty, which sentence would scarcely seem justified from the facts of the surrender. He retired to the island that had been granted to him in 1688, then called " Manning's Island," but since well known as Blackwell's island, where he was accustomed to entertain his friends.
It was here on Manning's Island that Captain John lived out his days.
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John was married three times:
ஜ Abigail Maverick (1613-1644) daughter of the Reverend John Maverick (1578-1636) and Mary Gye (1580-1666). Abigail came to Massachusetts aboard the Mary & John of the Winthrop Fleet on May 30, 1630.
Their children were:
Geoffrey (1634-1698) married Hepzibah Andrews.
John b c1643
Mary b 1644
ஜ Anne Parker b 1620
Their children were:
Ebenezer b 1647.
John b 1648.
Ann b1651 married John Sandys b 1646.
Ephraim (1655-1678) married Ann Sandys.
ஜ Bridget Manningham widow of Walter Manningham, died at sea in 1673.
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Enter Robert Blackwell
Robert Blackwell (1643-1717) married Mary Manningham, daughter of Bridget and Walter, 1676 at Newtown, Queens, NY.
Robert Blackwell (1643-1717) was the progenitor of the Blackwell family in New York and New Jersey. He was an Englishman of good lineage. The year that Robert Blackwell sailed to America, and the identity of the ship that carried him forth, are unknown. He may have entered America at Sandwich, Massachusetts or at some other New England port. During the mid to late 1660's Robert Blackwell was a freeholder at Newtown, Long Island, and built an historic house at Ravenswood, Long Island.
But shortly after his arrival in Long Island, Robert Blackwell settled amongst the founding settlers at Elizabeth-town, where he became a merchant. There is an early deed reference to Robert Blackwell as a merchant from Elizabeth-town. In early 1676 Robert Blackwell left Elizabeth-town and came to New York as a widower with two children whose names were Robert Blackwell, Jr. and Ann Blackwell. There is no record of who Robert Blackwell's wife was, nor any record of the dates or places of birth of these two children Robert and Ann.
"Upon his arrival in New York, Robert Blackwell, widower, settled, with his two children, in Newtown, Long Island. On March 25, 1676, in contemplation of his marriage to Mary Manningham, daughter of Walter Manningham and step-daughter of Captain John Manning, Robert Blackwell entered a written prenuptual agreement with Mathias Nicolls, the trustee holding title to Manning's Island for Mary Manningham during the life of Captain John Manning. The agreement specified, among other terms, that, in consideration of his marriage to Mary Manningham, Manning's Island would be devised by their wills only to children of Robert and Mary, not to Robert's previous children, and that if Robert and Mary bore no children, title to the island would go to whoever Mary choose, as she would designate in her will.
The island, a long, strip of land in the East River, between Manhattan and Long Island, it is now called Blackwell's Island and was the home of the famous New York penal institution. The island was later known as Welfare Island from 1921 to 1971."
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History of Roosevelt (Welfare) Island
What is known today as Roosevelt Island was first purchased from the Algonquin Indians in 1637 by the Dutch, who promptly renamed the island "Varckens Eylandt," or "Hog Island." In the 1660's, the British reclaimed the island from the Dutch after years of dispute. The island was granted to Captain John Manning, the sheriff of New York. In 1673, Manning was sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment on the island) for relinquishing New York's Fort James to the Dutch without a shot. However, Fort James, which name has changed many times, was won and lost in battle and taken over dozens of time over the course of several centuries.
It is ironic that Captain Manning was tried for treason and cowardice when so many others had lost control of the fort before and after him.
When Manning died in 1686, stepdaughter Mary Manningham renamed the island after her husband, Robert Blackwell. Blackwell Island remained in private hands until 1828, when the City of New York purchased it and transformed it into a setting for mental institutions, hospitals and prisons. Reflecting this setting as a repository for the down and out, the city renamed the property Welfare Island in 1921.
It was renamed Roosevelt Island in 1971 after Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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compiled by Patricia McLellan @
Captain John Manning, of Manning's Island
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John Manning,was born in Kent, England to William and Hannah Manning. William was a merchant of Cambridge and Boston.
John was the brother of William Manning, Jr., (1614 - 1690).
He was descended from an ancient family who had their early origin in Germany and went over, in the 4th century, from Saxony to England. His father came to Massachusetts with his family and settled at Cambridge, Massachusetts. Records show John in Boston in 1650.
His employment in New York came through the recommendation of Samuel Maverick, (brother of his first wife, Abigail) who, in a letter of 16 September, 1663, to the Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, commended Manning as one "who hath many years been a commander under Major-General Morgan, who hath given him a large and ample certificate, which he will shew you He is well known and beloved in New England, and will be fit for any employment in the militia."
He came to New York in 1664, and in the same year accompanied the expedition for the reduction of Fort Orange, where he attended and was a witness to the first treaty that the English concluded with the Five Nations, and after the surrender of the place was left in charge of the fort.
He was High Sheriff of the city of New York from 1667 till 1672, in 1669 was a member of the commission that was sent to Esopus to regulate the affairs of that district, was judge of the court for the West Riding of Yorkshire, and acted as High Sheriff of Yorkshire from 1671 to 1673. He enjoyed the confidence of Governor Lovelace, served as a member of his council, and when the governor was called to any distance from the city, Fort James and public affairs were placed in Manning's charge. While he was thus in command, in 1673, the Dutch fleet arrived and demanded the surrender of the fort, which, after some resistance, was given up. He sailed for England, waited on the king and Duke of York, and explained to them the particulars of the surrender, on hearing which the king, Charles II, turned to the duke and said: "Brother, the ground could not be maintained with so few men."
While in England to see the King concerning his surrender of New York to the Dutch, John was executor to the estate of his long-time friend, Walter Manningham. He married the widow Bridget Manningham, but she died on the voyage to America. John regarded and raised Bridget and Walter's daughter, Mary Manningham, as his own.
Captain Manning returned to New York with Governor Andros, and was soon afterward tried by court-martial on charges of treachery and cowardice. He was acquitted of the former but found guilty of cowardice, and on 5 February, 1675, sentenced to have his sword broken over his head and rendered incapable of again holding office under his majesty, which sentence would scarcely seem justified from the facts of the surrender. He retired to the island that had been granted to him in 1688, then called " Manning's Island," but since well known as Blackwell's island, where he was accustomed to entertain his friends.
It was here on Manning's Island that Captain John lived out his days.
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John was married three times:
ஜ Abigail Maverick (1613-1644) daughter of the Reverend John Maverick (1578-1636) and Mary Gye (1580-1666). Abigail came to Massachusetts aboard the Mary & John of the Winthrop Fleet on May 30, 1630.
Their children were:
Geoffrey (1634-1698) married Hepzibah Andrews.
John b c1643
Mary b 1644
ஜ Anne Parker b 1620
Their children were:
Ebenezer b 1647.
John b 1648.
Ann b1651 married John Sandys b 1646.
Ephraim (1655-1678) married Ann Sandys.
ஜ Bridget Manningham widow of Walter Manningham, died at sea in 1673.
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Enter Robert Blackwell
Robert Blackwell (1643-1717) married Mary Manningham, daughter of Bridget and Walter, 1676 at Newtown, Queens, NY.
Robert Blackwell (1643-1717) was the progenitor of the Blackwell family in New York and New Jersey. He was an Englishman of good lineage. The year that Robert Blackwell sailed to America, and the identity of the ship that carried him forth, are unknown. He may have entered America at Sandwich, Massachusetts or at some other New England port. During the mid to late 1660's Robert Blackwell was a freeholder at Newtown, Long Island, and built an historic house at Ravenswood, Long Island.
But shortly after his arrival in Long Island, Robert Blackwell settled amongst the founding settlers at Elizabeth-town, where he became a merchant. There is an early deed reference to Robert Blackwell as a merchant from Elizabeth-town. In early 1676 Robert Blackwell left Elizabeth-town and came to New York as a widower with two children whose names were Robert Blackwell, Jr. and Ann Blackwell. There is no record of who Robert Blackwell's wife was, nor any record of the dates or places of birth of these two children Robert and Ann.
"Upon his arrival in New York, Robert Blackwell, widower, settled, with his two children, in Newtown, Long Island. On March 25, 1676, in contemplation of his marriage to Mary Manningham, daughter of Walter Manningham and step-daughter of Captain John Manning, Robert Blackwell entered a written prenuptual agreement with Mathias Nicolls, the trustee holding title to Manning's Island for Mary Manningham during the life of Captain John Manning. The agreement specified, among other terms, that, in consideration of his marriage to Mary Manningham, Manning's Island would be devised by their wills only to children of Robert and Mary, not to Robert's previous children, and that if Robert and Mary bore no children, title to the island would go to whoever Mary choose, as she would designate in her will.
The island, a long, strip of land in the East River, between Manhattan and Long Island, it is now called Blackwell's Island and was the home of the famous New York penal institution. The island was later known as Welfare Island from 1921 to 1971."
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History of Roosevelt (Welfare) Island
What is known today as Roosevelt Island was first purchased from the Algonquin Indians in 1637 by the Dutch, who promptly renamed the island "Varckens Eylandt," or "Hog Island." In the 1660's, the British reclaimed the island from the Dutch after years of dispute. The island was granted to Captain John Manning, the sheriff of New York. In 1673, Manning was sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment on the island) for relinquishing New York's Fort James to the Dutch without a shot. However, Fort James, which name has changed many times, was won and lost in battle and taken over dozens of time over the course of several centuries.
It is ironic that Captain Manning was tried for treason and cowardice when so many others had lost control of the fort before and after him.
When Manning died in 1686, stepdaughter Mary Manningham renamed the island after her husband, Robert Blackwell. Blackwell Island remained in private hands until 1828, when the City of New York purchased it and transformed it into a setting for mental institutions, hospitals and prisons. Reflecting this setting as a repository for the down and out, the city renamed the property Welfare Island in 1921.
It was renamed Roosevelt Island in 1971 after Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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compiled by Patricia McLellan @
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Captain John Manning, of Manning's Island
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John Manning,was born in Kent, England to William and Hannah Manning. William was a merchant of Cambridge and Boston.
John was the brother of William Manning, Jr., (1614 - 1690).
He was descended from an ancient family who had their early origin in Germany and went over, in the 4th century, from Saxony to England. His father came to Massachusetts with his family and settled at Cambridge, Massachusetts. Records show John in Boston in 1650.
His employment in New York came through the recommendation of Samuel Maverick, (brother of his first wife, Abigail) who, in a letter of 16 September, 1663, to the Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, commended Manning as one "who hath many years been a commander under Major-General Morgan, who hath given him a large and ample certificate, which he will shew you He is well known and beloved in New England, and will be fit for any employment in the militia."
He came to New York in 1664, and in the same year accompanied the expedition for the reduction of Fort Orange, where he attended and was a witness to the first treaty that the English concluded with the Five Nations, and after the surrender of the place was left in charge of the fort.
He was High Sheriff of the city of New York from 1667 till 1672, in 1669 was a member of the commission that was sent to Esopus to regulate the affairs of that district, was judge of the court for the West Riding of Yorkshire, and acted as High Sheriff of Yorkshire from 1671 to 1673. He enjoyed the confidence of Governor Lovelace, served as a member of his council, and when the governor was called to any distance from the city, Fort James and public affairs were placed in Manning's charge. While he was thus in command, in 1673, the Dutch fleet arrived and demanded the surrender of the fort, which, after some resistance, was given up. He sailed for England, waited on the king and Duke of York, and explained to them the particulars of the surrender, on hearing which the king, Charles II, turned to the duke and said: "Brother, the ground could not be maintained with so few men."
While in England to see the King concerning his surrender of New York to the Dutch, John was executor to the estate of his long-time friend, Walter Manningham. He married the widow Bridget Manningham, but she died on the voyage to America. John regarded and raised Bridget and Walter's daughter, Mary Manningham, as his own.
Captain Manning returned to New York with Governor Andros, and was soon afterward tried by court-martial on charges of treachery and cowardice. He was acquitted of the former but found guilty of cowardice, and on 5 February, 1675, sentenced to have his sword broken over his head and rendered incapable of again holding office under his majesty, which sentence would scarcely seem justified from the facts of the surrender. He retired to the island that had been granted to him in 1688, then called " Manning's Island," but since well known as Blackwell's island, where he was accustomed to entertain his friends.
It was here on Manning's Island that Captain John lived out his days.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
John was married three times:
ஜ Abigail Maverick (1613-1644) daughter of the Reverend John Maverick (1578-1636) and Mary Gye (1580-1666). Abigail came to Massachusetts aboard the Mary & John of the Winthrop Fleet on May 30, 1630.
Their children were:
Geoffrey (1634-1698) married Hepzibah Andrews.
John b c1643
Mary b 1644
ஜ Anne Parker b 1620
Their children were:
Ebenezer b 1647.
John b 1648.
Ann b1651 married John Sandys b 1646.
Ephraim (1655-1678) married Ann Sandys.
ஜ Bridget Manningham widow of Walter Manningham, died at sea in 1673.
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Enter Robert Blackwell
Robert Blackwell (1643-1717) married Mary Manningham, daughter of Bridget and Walter, 1676 at Newtown, Queens, NY.
Robert Blackwell (1643-1717) was the progenitor of the Blackwell family in New York and New Jersey. He was an Englishman of good lineage. The year that Robert Blackwell sailed to America, and the identity of the ship that carried him forth, are unknown. He may have entered America at Sandwich, Massachusetts or at some other New England port. During the mid to late 1660's Robert Blackwell was a freeholder at Newtown, Long Island, and built an historic house at Ravenswood, Long Island.
But shortly after his arrival in Long Island, Robert Blackwell settled amongst the founding settlers at Elizabeth-town, where he became a merchant. There is an early deed reference to Robert Blackwell as a merchant from Elizabeth-town. In early 1676 Robert Blackwell left Elizabeth-town and came to New York as a widower with two children whose names were Robert Blackwell, Jr. and Ann Blackwell. There is no record of who Robert Blackwell's wife was, nor any record of the dates or places of birth of these two children Robert and Ann.
"Upon his arrival in New York, Robert Blackwell, widower, settled, with his two children, in Newtown, Long Island. On March 25, 1676, in contemplation of his marriage to Mary Manningham, daughter of Walter Manningham and step-daughter of Captain John Manning, Robert Blackwell entered a written prenuptual agreement with Mathias Nicolls, the trustee holding title to Manning's Island for Mary Manningham during the life of Captain John Manning. The agreement specified, among other terms, that, in consideration of his marriage to Mary Manningham, Manning's Island would be devised by their wills only to children of Robert and Mary, not to Robert's previous children, and that if Robert and Mary bore no children, title to the island would go to whoever Mary choose, as she would designate in her will.
The island, a long, strip of land in the East River, between Manhattan and Long Island, it is now called Blackwell's Island and was the home of the famous New York penal institution. The island was later known as Welfare Island from 1921 to 1971."
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
History of Roosevelt (Welfare) Island
What is known today as Roosevelt Island was first purchased from the Algonquin Indians in 1637 by the Dutch, who promptly renamed the island "Varckens Eylandt," or "Hog Island." In the 1660's, the British reclaimed the island from the Dutch after years of dispute. The island was granted to Captain John Manning, the sheriff of New York. In 1673, Manning was sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment on the island) for relinquishing New York's Fort James to the Dutch without a shot. However, Fort James, which name has changed many times, was won and lost in battle and taken over dozens of time over the course of several centuries.
It is ironic that Captain Manning was tried for treason and cowardice when so many others had lost control of the fort before and after him.
When Manning died in 1686, stepdaughter Mary Manningham renamed the island after her husband, Robert Blackwell. Blackwell Island remained in private hands until 1828, when the City of New York purchased it and transformed it into a setting for mental institutions, hospitals and prisons. Reflecting this setting as a repository for the down and out, the city renamed the property Welfare Island in 1921.
It was renamed Roosevelt Island in 1971 after Franklin D. Roosevelt.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
compiled by Patricia McLellan @
Captain John Manning, of Manning's Island
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
John Manning,was born in Kent, England to William and Hannah Manning. William was a merchant of Cambridge and Boston.
John was the brother of William Manning, Jr., (1614 - 1690).
He was descended from an ancient family who had their early origin in Germany and went over, in the 4th century, from Saxony to England. His father came to Massachusetts with his family and settled at Cambridge, Massachusetts. Records show John in Boston in 1650.
His employment in New York came through the recommendation of Samuel Maverick, (brother of his first wife, Abigail) who, in a letter of 16 September, 1663, to the Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, commended Manning as one "who hath many years been a commander under Major-General Morgan, who hath given him a large and ample certificate, which he will shew you He is well known and beloved in New England, and will be fit for any employment in the militia."
He came to New York in 1664, and in the same year accompanied the expedition for the reduction of Fort Orange, where he attended and was a witness to the first treaty that the English concluded with the Five Nations, and after the surrender of the place was left in charge of the fort.
He was High Sheriff of the city of New York from 1667 till 1672, in 1669 was a member of the commission that was sent to Esopus to regulate the affairs of that district, was judge of the court for the West Riding of Yorkshire, and acted as High Sheriff of Yorkshire from 1671 to 1673. He enjoyed the confidence of Governor Lovelace, served as a member of his council, and when the governor was called to any distance from the city, Fort James and public affairs were placed in Manning's charge. While he was thus in command, in 1673, the Dutch fleet arrived and demanded the surrender of the fort, which, after some resistance, was given up. He sailed for England, waited on the king and Duke of York, and explained to them the particulars of the surrender, on hearing which the king, Charles II, turned to the duke and said: "Brother, the ground could not be maintained with so few men."
While in England to see the King concerning his surrender of New York to the Dutch, John was executor to the estate of his long-time friend, Walter Manningham. He married the widow Bridget Manningham, but she died on the voyage to America. John regarded and raised Bridget and Walter's daughter, Mary Manningham, as his own.
Captain Manning returned to New York with Governor Andros, and was soon afterward tried by court-martial on charges of treachery and cowardice. He was acquitted of the former but found guilty of cowardice, and on 5 February, 1675, sentenced to have his sword broken over his head and rendered incapable of again holding office under his majesty, which sentence would scarcely seem justified from the facts of the surrender. He retired to the island that had been granted to him in 1688, then called " Manning's Island," but since well known as Blackwell's island, where he was accustomed to entertain his friends.
It was here on Manning's Island that Captain John lived out his days.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
John was married three times:
ஜ Abigail Maverick (1613-1644) daughter of the Reverend John Maverick (1578-1636) and Mary Gye (1580-1666). Abigail came to Massachusetts aboard the Mary & John of the Winthrop Fleet on May 30, 1630.
Their children were:
Geoffrey (1634-1698) married Hepzibah Andrews.
John b c1643
Mary b 1644
ஜ Anne Parker b 1620
Their children were:
Ebenezer b 1647.
John b 1648.
Ann b1651 married John Sandys b 1646.
Ephraim (1655-1678) married Ann Sandys.
ஜ Bridget Manningham widow of Walter Manningham, died at sea in 1673.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Enter Robert Blackwell
Robert Blackwell (1643-1717) married Mary Manningham, daughter of Bridget and Walter, 1676 at Newtown, Queens, NY.
Robert Blackwell (1643-1717) was the progenitor of the Blackwell family in New York and New Jersey. He was an Englishman of good lineage. The year that Robert Blackwell sailed to America, and the identity of the ship that carried him forth, are unknown. He may have entered America at Sandwich, Massachusetts or at some other New England port. During the mid to late 1660's Robert Blackwell was a freeholder at Newtown, Long Island, and built an historic house at Ravenswood, Long Island.
But shortly after his arrival in Long Island, Robert Blackwell settled amongst the founding settlers at Elizabeth-town, where he became a merchant. There is an early deed reference to Robert Blackwell as a merchant from Elizabeth-town. In early 1676 Robert Blackwell left Elizabeth-town and came to New York as a widower with two children whose names were Robert Blackwell, Jr. and Ann Blackwell. There is no record of who Robert Blackwell's wife was, nor any record of the dates or places of birth of these two children Robert and Ann.
"Upon his arrival in New York, Robert Blackwell, widower, settled, with his two children, in Newtown, Long Island. On March 25, 1676, in contemplation of his marriage to Mary Manningham, daughter of Walter Manningham and step-daughter of Captain John Manning, Robert Blackwell entered a written prenuptual agreement with Mathias Nicolls, the trustee holding title to Manning's Island for Mary Manningham during the life of Captain John Manning. The agreement specified, among other terms, that, in consideration of his marriage to Mary Manningham, Manning's Island would be devised by their wills only to children of Robert and Mary, not to Robert's previous children, and that if Robert and Mary bore no children, title to the island would go to whoever Mary choose, as she would designate in her will.
The island, a long, strip of land in the East River, between Manhattan and Long Island, it is now called Blackwell's Island and was the home of the famous New York penal institution. The island was later known as Welfare Island from 1921 to 1971."
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
History of Roosevelt (Welfare) Island
What is known today as Roosevelt Island was first purchased from the Algonquin Indians in 1637 by the Dutch, who promptly renamed the island "Varckens Eylandt," or "Hog Island." In the 1660's, the British reclaimed the island from the Dutch after years of dispute. The island was granted to Captain John Manning, the sheriff of New York. In 1673, Manning was sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment on the island) for relinquishing New York's Fort James to the Dutch without a shot. However, Fort James, which name has changed many times, was won and lost in battle and taken over dozens of time over the course of several centuries.
It is ironic that Captain Manning was tried for treason and cowardice when so many others had lost control of the fort before and after him.
When Manning died in 1686, stepdaughter Mary Manningham renamed the island after her husband, Robert Blackwell. Blackwell Island remained in private hands until 1828, when the City of New York purchased it and transformed it into a setting for mental institutions, hospitals and prisons. Reflecting this setting as a repository for the down and out, the city renamed the property Welfare Island in 1921.
It was renamed Roosevelt Island in 1971 after Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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compiled by Patricia McLellan @
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