English Royalty. Born the eldest son of Edward III and Queen Philippa of Hainault at Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire, he was known in his lifetime as Edward of Woodstock. He was created Earl of Chester in 1333. He was created Duke of Cornwall in 1337, the first duke created in England; and was invested as Prince of Wales in 1343. With England embroiled in what has become known as the Hundred Years War, the prince joined his father in battle against the French. He maintained the practice of using Welsh and English archers in his army, and owed much success to the supremacy of the English longbow. He was also one of the first to introduce a uniform for his troops. He established his reputation for valor at the battle of Crécy in 1346. He was invested as a Knight, Order of the Garter in 1348. In 1355 the prince led an expedition into Aquitaine, and in 1356 he defeated and captured John II of France in the battle of Poitiers. In 1362 he married Joan of Kent. Prince Edward became ruler of the newly created English principality of Aquitaine in 1363 and, maintained a court at Bordeaux. His first child, also named Edward was born at Angoulême on January 27, 1365. In 1366 Edward went to the support of the deposed Peter the Cruel of Castile and temporarily restored him to his throne with a victory of Nájera and gained the title of Lord of Biscay and Castro Urdiales Castille. A second son, Richard, was born on January 6, 1367 at Bordeaux. Edward then clashed with Charles V of France over taxes and war resulted. In 1370 Edward directed the capture and burning of Limoges culminating in a massacre of the citizens. The prince and his family embarked for England and arrived at Plymouth in January 1371; his elder son died in January of 1372. Mourning and in chronic ill health he gave up his principalities and largely retire from public life. The prince apparently became aware that he would not live to succeed his father and tried to strengthen opposition against his ambitious brother John of Gaunt so that the accession of his son Richard would be assured. He supported the proceedings of the ‘Good Parliament' of 1376, which impeached two supporters of Gaunt. He made his will in the King's Great Chamber at Westminster, on June 7, 1376 and died there the next day. His famous "Black Prince" title does not appear in writing until at least 200 years after his death. Its origin is uncertain; but it may have been the French who first called him the Black Prince, perhaps because he wore black armor.