Robert is quite possibly a son of William & Mary (Walker) Adams of Martin's Hundred, now in James City County, Virginia. According to a number of researchers, records and dates show "...[it is] highly likely this is the Grandson of the first Robert Ad[d]ams of Martins Hundred."
(Excerpt from "Biography, Capt Robert Adams, Henrico Co, VA")

There are records of an earlier Robert who immigrated from England c1609 and died c1628, possibly in VA. That Robert may be this Robert's grandfather. With no reference found to a wife or siblings, it is difficult to validate this connection.

For our Robert, several land records, located at the VA State Library in Richmond, indicate he owned many acres in VA, the earliest purchase from about 1717. Most of this land is mentioned in his Will.

On 14 Feb 1712, Robert married Mourning Lewis in Henrico Co (now Goochland) VA, the daughter of William & Elizabeth (Woodson) Lewis of Turkey Island Creek, Henrico Co (now Goochland) VA.

US & International Marriage Records 1560-1900:
17th Century Colonial Ancestors, Compiled by Mary Louise M Hutton, Vol 1, Pg 2

Children with Mourning:
1) Anne Adams (b. 1712); m. Thomas Sanders (1699-1772).
2) Judith Lewis Adams (1716-1774); m. Micajah Clark (1718-1808).
3) Agnes "Aggie" Adams (1718-1790); m. James Ferguson (1715-1785).
4) Mary Ann Adams (1720-1780)(twin); m. Charles Moorman Jr (1715-1778).
5) Elizabeth "Eliza" Adams (1720-1793)(twin); m. Achilles H Moorman (1713-1785).
6) Lucy Adams (b: 1722); m. John Graves.
7) Susanna "Susy" Adams (1724-bef 1765); m. Matthew Graves, brother of John.
8) Anna "the Younger" Adams (b. c1725); m. Charles Douglas.
9) Sarah "Sally" Adams (b. c1726); m1. Henry Harris (d. 1776), m2. John R Ferris.
10) Captain Robert "Old Robin" Adams Jr (1727-bef 1785); m. Penelope Flournoy Lynch (1734-1785).
11) James Adams (1730-1789); m. Cecily Ford (1735-1815).

Possibly due to failing health, Robert wrote his Will in Feb 1738 at the age of 49 yrs. He lived for two more years. His estate was left to his wife Mourning, sons James and Robert, and daughters Judith Clark, Mary Moorman, Eliza Moorman, Agnes Ferguson, Susanna, Lucy, Anna the younger and Sally.

Goochland County Virginia Will Book 3, Pg 305:
Transcribed Will of Robert ADAMS -
"In the name of God Amen, I Robert Adams being of Sound mind and memory do make this my last will and testament in manner and form following. I give and bequeath all my land and plantation on the River where I now live to my Son James and to his heirs forever after the death of my Wife Mourning, to whom I give the said Land and Plantation during her natural Life.
- Item: I give and bequeath unto my son Robert all my land on the Creek where I live and the mill to him and his heirs forever the ridge back of my stone house is to be the dividing line between my said two sons.
- Item: I give and bequeath unto my Daughter Judith Clark and Mary Moreman 800 acres of land lying at the foot of the Sugarloaf Mountain to them and their heirs forever to be equally divided between them according to quantity and quality and if they can't agree on the division that the same be done by a surveyor at the (?) of my daughter Mary.
- Item: I give and bequeath unto my Daughter Eliz. Moorman and to her heirs forever four hundred acres of land lying on the Mychunk Creek joining the County line. Item: I give and bequeath to my daughter Agnes Farguson 400 acres of land lying in a fork of Licking Hole Creek lying on the Northeast side of Tho. Sanders land to her and her heirs forever.
- Item: I give and bequeath to my daughter Susanna and her heirs forever 400 acres of land lying on the Southwest side of Frances Coley's line on land John Miles now lives.
- Item: I give and bequeath unto my Daughter Lucy and to her heirs forever 550 acres of land lying where the mine was dug and where Mark Lively lived.
- Item: I give and bequeath unto my Daughter Anne the Younger and to her heirs forever 400 acres of land lying on Mychunk Creek joining my great tract up the Creek and is a separate patent.
- Item: I give and bequeath unto my Daughter Sally and to her heirs forever 398 acres of land lying on both sides Dover Mill Creek where I lately dwelt.
- Item: My will is that if any of my maiden daughters die before they are married then the land hereby given shall be equally divided between my two sons and their heirs.
- Item: I give and bequeath all the rest of my estate of what kind or nature so ever both real and personal to my Wife Mourning to be enjoyed and possessed by her during her life and to be disposed by her among my children as she shall think fit provided my said Wife remain a Widow, but if she should marry then my will is that she shall be entitled only to such part as the Law will give her and the remainder in that case given to my two sons to be equally divided between them.

In witness whereof I have here unto set my hand and seal this 22nd day of February 1738. Hereby also appointing my said Wife my Executrix and revoking all other wills. Signed by Robert Addams (Seal)
Signed, Sealed and Published and declared to be his Last Will.

Witnessed by Henry Wood and Martin (his + mark) King.

At a Court held in Goochland Co on Jun 17, 1740, this Will was proved by the oaths of Henry Wood and Martin King to be the Act and Deed of Robert Adams and which was ordered to be recorded."

Many thanks to Ginny for the tombstone photos. These will help greatly in the research of this family. Robert also had a brother named William. Still researching to verify burial.

Thank you as well to Mezzo for sponsoring Robert's memorial.

Special thanks as well to Al for copies of Robert's Wil.

Note:
I have removed the title "Captain" from this Robert as the only evidence of a Captain Robert Adams I have found is his son "Old Robin." If someone has a military record, please contact me; it would be much appreciated.