Jurist, US Congressman and Senator, and US Supreme Court Associate Justice. A member of the Republican party, he represented the State of Utah in the US House of Representatives from March 1901 until March 1903, in the US Senate from March 1905 until March 1917, and he served on the US Supreme Court from September 1922 until January 1938. Born Alexander George Sutherland in Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire, England, his parents became Mormon converts and the family emigrated to Springville, Utah Territory when he was a year old. After the family moved to Montana and then back to the Utah Territory, his parents left the Mormon Church. He left school at age 12 to help support the family, working in a clothing store and then as an agent for Wells Fargo. By 1879 he had saved enough money to attend Brigham Young Academy (now Brigham Young University) in Provo, Utah, and graduated two years later. In 1882 he enrolled at the University of Michigan Law School in Ann Arbor, Michigan but left before attaining his law degree. After being admitted to the Michigan Bar, he returned to the Utah Territory, joining with his father in a law partnership in Provo. In 1886 the partnership was dissolved and he formed a new one with future Utah Supreme Court Justice Samuel Thurman. In 1893 he moved to Salt Lake City to work for a leading law firm and helped organize the Utah State Bar Association. He then joined the Republican party and in 1896, when Utah was admitted to the US, he was elected to the State Senate. In 1900 he narrowly defeated the Democratic incumbent for Utah's seat in the US House of Representatives, serving for one term. In 1904 he ran for and was elected to the US Senate and served two consecutive terms. During his time in the US Senate, he supported women's rights (he introduced the 19th Amendment (Women's Suffrage) into the Senate), the Pure Food and Drug Act, the Hepburn Act, and the Federal Employees Liability Act. In 1916 he was defeated by Democrat William H. King for a 3rd term in the US Senate. He then practiced law in Washington DC and served as President of the American Bar Association until 1917. On September 5, 1922 he was nominated by US President Warren G. Harding to the US Supreme Court, to take the seat vacated by the death of John Hessin Clark, and he was confirmed by the US Senate on the same day. During President Franklin D. Roosevelt's early administration, he was part of the conservative "Four Horsemen" justices who struck down Roosevelt's New Deal legislation. Other notable decisions included the Powell v. Alabama (1932) in which the conviction in the Scottsboro Boys Case was overturned because one of the defendants was deprived of his right to counsel, and the US v. Bhagat Singh Thind (1923), in which Indian Sikhs were not considered white within the definition of the Naturalization Act of 1790 and were considered ineligible for naturalized American citizenship. In January 1938 he retired from the US Supreme Court. He died following a severe heart attack while vacationing in Stockbridge, Massachusetts at the age of 80. Originally interred at Abbey Mausoleum in Arlington County, Virginia, in 1958 his remains were removed and reburied at Cedar Hill Cemetery near Suitland, Maryland.