Civil War Union Brigadier General. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1840, and had as his classmates future Civil War Union Army commanders William T. Sherman and George H. Thomas. Posted to the 4th United States Artillery, he fought in the Mexican War, where brevetted Captain for his gallantry. In the 1850s he served in the last two wars against the Seminole Indians in Florida. A Captain in the 4th Artillery when the Civil War started, he was commissioned as a Lieutenant Colonel of Volunteers in September 1861, he commanded an artillery brigade in the 1862 Peninsular Campaign, and was the Army of the Potomac's IX artillery commander during the September 1862 Antietam Campaign. On September 25, 1862 he was promoted to Brigadier General, US Volunteers. During the December 1862 Fredericksburg Campaign and the May 1863 operations around Suffolk, Virginia, he was in command of a IX Corps division. He then served as Inspector General of the Army of the Potomac on the staff of Major General George G. Meade before being given command of an VI division, which he lead in Major General Philip Sheridan's Shenandoah Campaign during the Fall of 1864. His division then served in the final operations against the entrenched Confederates of General Robert E. Lee at Petersburg, and on April 2, 1865 his men made the initial breakthrough of the Confederate lines that led to the collapse of the rebel positions and the retreat that eventually ended with the surrender at Appomattox Court House. He was brevetted Major General in both the US Volunteers and the Regular Army, and was mustered out of volunteer service in 1866. He remained in the army until he retired with the rank of Colonel in 1883, having commanded the artillery school at Fortress Monroe, Virginia.
Civil War Union Brigadier General. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1840, and had as his classmates future Civil War Union Army commanders William T. Sherman and George H. Thomas. Posted to the 4th United States Artillery, he fought in the Mexican War, where brevetted Captain for his gallantry. In the 1850s he served in the last two wars against the Seminole Indians in Florida. A Captain in the 4th Artillery when the Civil War started, he was commissioned as a Lieutenant Colonel of Volunteers in September 1861, he commanded an artillery brigade in the 1862 Peninsular Campaign, and was the Army of the Potomac's IX artillery commander during the September 1862 Antietam Campaign. On September 25, 1862 he was promoted to Brigadier General, US Volunteers. During the December 1862 Fredericksburg Campaign and the May 1863 operations around Suffolk, Virginia, he was in command of a IX Corps division. He then served as Inspector General of the Army of the Potomac on the staff of Major General George G. Meade before being given command of an VI division, which he lead in Major General Philip Sheridan's Shenandoah Campaign during the Fall of 1864. His division then served in the final operations against the entrenched Confederates of General Robert E. Lee at Petersburg, and on April 2, 1865 his men made the initial breakthrough of the Confederate lines that led to the collapse of the rebel positions and the retreat that eventually ended with the surrender at Appomattox Court House. He was brevetted Major General in both the US Volunteers and the Regular Army, and was mustered out of volunteer service in 1866. He remained in the army until he retired with the rank of Colonel in 1883, having commanded the artillery school at Fortress Monroe, Virginia.
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