Anne (Anna of Inner Austria) b. August 16, 1573 d. February 10, 1598 Queen of Poland and Sweden. She was originally Archduchess-Princess of Austria, Duchess of Styria there, belonged to the Habsburg Dynasty and became the first consort of King Sigmund III in 1592. Her private nickname was "Andle". In six years, she bore five children of whom a son and all three daughters died young. She was Queen of both countries for seven years, from the year of her marriage until her death, and thus missed by a year her husband's official dethronement in Sweden in 1599. All...[Read More] (Bio by: J T Demitz) Wawel Cathedral, Krakow, Malopolskie, Poland Plot: Vasa Chapel
Asnyk, Adam b. September 11, 1838 d. August 2, 1897 Polish poet and dramatist. He published his poems in the collections Poezje (1869, 1872, 1880, 1894). He began his literary career in 1864-65. The fullest expression of his intellectualised poetry is the series of 30 sonnets, Nad glebiami (1883-94), owing to which Asnyk came to be referred to as "a poet-philosopher." This series comprises the poet's philosophical system, which was an attempt at reconciling idealism with positivist realism and scientism. He was leading poet of positivism period...[Read More] (Bio by: Kasia) Skalka Sanctuary, Krakow, Malopolskie, Poland
Augustus II the Strong b. May 12, 1670 d. February 1, 1733 Polish Monarch. He reigned as King of Poland from 1697 to 1733. As Frederick Augustus I, he was elector of Saxony from 1694 to 1733. His coronation as King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was on September 15, 1697. He served until 1706 and then again from 1709 until his death in 1733. (Bio by: Mr. Denardo) Wawel Cathedral, Krakow, Malopolskie, Poland
Dlugosz, Jan b. 1415 d. May 19, 1480 Preeminent medieval Polish historian and diplomat. Born in Brzeznica, Poland and educated in literature and philosophy at the Academy of Cracow. Ordained in 1440 and appointed secretary to Cardinal Zbigniew Olesnicki, Bishop of Cracow. Best remembered for his monumental 12 volume History of Poland (Historiae Polonicae) which was partially published in 1614, and finally in full in 1711. The first of its kind, it inspired Poles with pride in their past and favourably changed the attitude of...[Read More] (Bio by: Fred Beisser) Skalka Sanctuary, Krakow, Malopolskie, Poland
Fall, Richard b. April 3, 1882 d. January, 1945 Composer, Conductor. The youngest brother of famed composer Leo Fall, he studied in Berlin and was active in Vienna as an operetta conductor. Leo entrusted him with the premieres of several of his works. His own compositions were rather more modernistic, assimilating elements of avant-garde dissonance and jazz, though he also wrote his share of light music (salon pieces and a dozen light operas and revues). Fall's best efforts were done in collaboration with lyricist Fritz Lohner-Beda...[Read More] (Bio by: Robert Edwards) Auschwitz Death Camp, Oswiecim, Malopolskie, Poland
Frank, Edith b. January 16, 1900 d. January 6, 1945 Famed Holocaust Victim. Mother of Diarist Anne Frank. Born in Aachen to parents Abraham Holländer and Rosa Stern, Edith had three siblings: Walter, Julius, and Rosa. In 1924, Edith met Otto Frank and they were married on May 12, 1925 in Aachen's synagogue. Their first daughter, Margot, was born in 1926 whereas their second daughter, Anne, was born in 1929. Adolf Hilter's rising power forced the Frank family to relocate to Amsterdam in 1933. For several years, Edith and her family lived...[Read More] (Bio by: Genosleuth29) Birkenau Extermination Camp, Oswiecim, Malopolskie, Poland
Gerron, Kurt b. May 11, 1897 d. October 28, 1944 Actor. He created the role of 'Tiger Brown', the Lord Mayor of London, in Berholdt Brecht and Kurt Weill's "The Threepenny Opera" (1928) and made "Mack the Knife" his signature song in his stage act. He also appeared in the films "Diary of a Lost Girl"(1928) and "The Blue Angel". He refused to leave Germany after the Nazi takeover in 1933, even though he was Jewish, and in 1942 he was sent to the concentration camp at Terecin. There he was forced to direct a Nazi propaganda film, "Hitler Builds...[Read More] (Bio by: Robert Edwards) Auschwitz Death Camp, Oswiecim, Malopolskie, Poland
Haas, Pavel b. June 21, 1899 d. October 18, 1944 Composer. A leading Czech musician of the 20th Century's inter-war period. His style united disparate influences - Neoclassicism, Moravian folk tunes, jazz, synagogue music - into a cohesive and exciting whole. Haas was born in Brno, Moravia (now part of the Czech Republic), into a family of Jewish merchants. From 1919 to 1922 he studied at the Brno Conservatory while also taking master classes with composer Leos...[Read More] (Bio by: Robert Edwards) Auschwitz Death Camp, Oswiecim, Malopolskie, Poland
Jan I Olbracht b. December 27, 1459 d. June 17, 1501 Polish Monarch. He was Duke of Glogow from 1491 to 1498. He succeeded his father as King on September 23, 1492 and served until his own death in 1501. His father was King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon. (Bio by: Mr. Denardo) Wawel Cathedral, Krakow, Malopolskie, Poland
Kaczynski, Lech Aleksander b. June 18, 1949 d. April 10, 2010 President of the Republic of Poland from 2005 to 2010. A politician of the party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice, PiS). Kaczyński served as Mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 22 December 2005, the day before his presidential inauguration. On 19 March 2005, he formally declared his intention to run for president in the October 2005 election. Elected President of the Republic of Poland in defeating the runner up Donald Tusk, by polling 54.04 percent of the vote, Kaczyński...[Read More] Wawel Cathedral, Krakow, Malopolskie, Poland
Kien, Petr b. January 1, 1919 d. October, 1944 Artist, Author. His visual and literary works reflected his experiences in the concentration camp at Theresienstadt (Terezin), where he was imprisoned as a Jew during World War II. Kien's watercolor drawings, created in secret on stolen paper, vividly depict the brutality of daily life in a camp the Nazis portrayed to the world as a "model Jewish community". As an author he is best known for his libretto to Viktor Ullmann's opera "The Emperor of Atlantis" (1944). Born Frantisek Petr Kien in...[Read More] (Bio by: Robert Edwards) Auschwitz Death Camp, Oswiecim, Malopolskie, Poland
Kosciuszko, Thaddeus b. February 4, 1746 d. October 15, 1817 Polish hero of the American Revolution, one of several foreign-born soldiers who joined the American forces for a variety of reasons, but who added some well-needed professionalism to the Colonials’ rough-hewn tactics and tenuous grasp of strategy. Wawel Cathedral, Krakow, Malopolskie, Poland
Krasa, Hans b. November 30, 1899 d. October 18, 1944 Composer. His short fairy tale opera "Brundibar" (1938, revised 1943), written for children, is probably the most celebrated composition to emerge from the Holocaust. The tragic provenance of this work and the quirky charm of Krasa's music have given it lasting popular and historical interest. Krasa was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Reublic), into a respected German-Jewish family. After studying at Prague's German Music Academy, and privately with composers Alexander Zemlinsky...[Read More] (Bio by: Robert Edwards) Auschwitz Death Camp, Oswiecim, Malopolskie, Poland
Lem, Stanislaw b. September 12, 1921 d. March 27, 2006 Author. A well regarded Polish science fiction writer, he was born in 1921 in Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine). In 1946 he was "repatriated" from the territory annexed by the Soviet Union to Kraków. Some of his works (which have been translated into 41 languages and sold over 27 million copies) include "Solaris", "The Cyberiad", "Eden", "Hospital of the Transfiguration", "The Star Diaries/Memoirs of a Space Traveler", "The Futurological Congress", and "Tales of Pirx the Pilot/More Tales of Pirx...[Read More] (Bio by: Kasia) Salwator Cemetery, Krakow, Malopolskie, Poland
Leszczynski, Stanislaw b. October 20, 1670 d. February 23, 1766 Polish Monarch. King of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth and he was the last Duke of Lorraine. His reign was from 1704 to 1709 and then again from 1733 to 1736. He died in Luneville and was originally buried at Notre-Dame de Bon-Secours Chapel in Nancy, France. (Bio by: Mr. Denardo) Wawel Cathedral, Krakow, Malopolskie, Poland
Lohner-Beda, Fritz b. June 24, 1883 d. December 4, 1942 Poet, Lyricist. Born Friedrich Lowy in Eastern Bohemia, he was raised in Vienna, where the family name was changed to Lohner. He studied law but an incorrigible sense of humor led him into writing satirical verse under the pseudonym "Beda". Proud of his Jewishness, he caused controversy with his playlet "Israelites and Other Anti-Semites" (1909), which castigated the trend of Jews converting to Christianity for social acceptance. His poems and cabaret lyrics were published in several...[Read More] (Bio by: Robert Edwards) Auschwitz Death Camp, Oswiecim, Malopolskie, Poland