Fraunhofer, Josef von b. March 6, 1787 d. June 7, 1826 Optical Scientist, Artisan. He is credited for discovering of the dark absorption lines (named Fraunhofer lines in his honor) in the Sun's spectrum and for making high quality optical glass and colorless telescope objectives. Born Joseph Fraunhofer in Straubing, Bavaria (present-day Germany), he was orphaned at the age of 11 and soon apprenticed to a glassmaker. In 1801 the building in which he was working collapsed and he was buried alive. The rescue operation was led by Maximilian IV Joseph...[Read More] (Bio by: William Bjornstad) Alter Südfriedhof München, Munich (München), München (urban), Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
Lachner, Franz b. April 2, 1803 d. January 20, 1890 Conductor, Composer. Born in Raun am Lech, Germany, the son of an organist, he studied music in Munich and in Vienna with Simon Sechter and Abbe Stadler. As a young man he was a close friend of Franz Schubert, who along with Beethoven was the primary influence on his conservative, early romantic style. His first notable position was as conductor of Vienna's Kartnertor Theatre (1828 to 1829). In 1836 Lachner returned to Munich and for the next three decades assumed a central role in the...[Read More] (Bio by: Bobb Edwards) Alter Südfriedhof München, Munich (München), München (urban), Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
Schwind, Moritz von b. January 21, 1804 d. February 8, 1871 Painter, Illustrator. Austrian-born leader of the Munich School of German Romanticism. He is noted for his fantasy paintings and domestic scenes, depicted with strong lines and soft, muted colors. He was also active as a muralist. Schwind was raised in Vienna, where he led a carefree youth while haphazardly studying art, music, and philosophy. He was a close friend of Franz Schubert, whose songs he frequently illustrated for publication; his sketches of the composer and his circle are...[Read More] (Bio by: Bobb Edwards) Alter Südfriedhof München, Munich (München), München (urban), Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
Senefelder, Alois b. November 6, 1771 d. February 26, 1834 Actor, Playwright, and Inventor of Lithography. He was born Aloys Johan Nepomuk Franz Senefelder in Prague, modern-day Czechoslovakia, where his actor father was appearing in a stage production. He was educated in Munich, Bavaria and won a scholarship to study law in Ingolstadt, Bavaria. His father died in 1791 and he was forced to leave school to support his mother and eight siblings. He became an actor and also wrote a successful play "Connoisseur of Girls." When he had problems with the...[Read More] (Bio by: William Bjornstad) Alter Südfriedhof München, Munich (München), München (urban), Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
Spitzweg, Carl b. February 5, 1808 d. September 23, 1885 Artist. A self-taught painter, he is considered to be one of the most important artists of the Biedermeier era in Europe, famous for picturesque portraits and scenes of petty bourgeoisie. He was born in Unterpfaffenhofen, Germany to a wealthy merchant father, who arranged to have him trained as a pharmacist at the University of Munich, in Germany. He became ill after attaining his degree and decided to take up painting during his recovery, and started copying the works of Flemish artists. In...[Read More] (Bio by: William Bjornstad) Alter Südfriedhof München, Munich (München), München (urban), Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
Stieler, Joseph Karl b. November 1, 1781 d. April 9, 1858 Artist. Born in Mainz, Germany to a family of engravers, he received some early training from his father. He began his career painting miniatures. His distinctive style was honed while studying under Parisian artist Francois Gerard, and he established himself as a portraitist in Frankfurt am Main in 1808. He traveled through Italy and Austria, but he did the majority of his work for the Bavarian court. In 1820, he completed a portrait of composer Ludwig von Beethoven, which to this day remains...[Read More] (Bio by: VampireRed) Alter Südfriedhof München, Munich (München), München (urban), Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
von Liebig, Justus b. May 12, 1803 d. April 18, 1873 Agriculture and Biological Chemist. He is best remembered as the "father of the fertilizer industry" for his major discovery of nitrogen as an essential plant nutrient and his creation of the Law of Minimum, which describes the effect of individual nutrients on crops. He believed that nitrogen must be supplied to plant roots in the form of ammonia, and recognized the possibility of substituting chemical fertilizers for natural (animal dung, etc.) ones. Additionally, he developed a manufacturing...[Read More] (Bio by: William Bjornstad) Alter Südfriedhof München, Munich (München), München (urban), Bavaria (Bayern), Germany
von Pettenkofer, Max b. December 3, 1818 d. February 10, 1901 Chemist, Hygienist. He was born Max Joseph Pettenkofer in Lichtenheim, in present-day Germany, the nephew of Franz Xaver, who was surgeon and pharmacist to the Bavarian Court. He studied medicine and pharmacy at the University of Munich, receiving his medical degree in 1843. After working under Justus von Liebig at the University of Giessen in the city of Giessen, Germany, he was appointed chemist to the Munich mint in 1845. In 1847 he was selected as extraordinary professor of chemistry in the...[Read More] (Bio by: William Bjornstad) Alter Südfriedhof München, Munich (München), München (urban), Bavaria (Bayern), Germany