Nobel Prize in Physics Recipient. Julian Schwinger received world-wide recognition after being awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics, according to the Nobel Prize committee, "for fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles." He jointly shared this coveted award with Sin-Itiro Tomonaga and Richard Freyman. In 1948 Schwinger formulated a new and improved theory that led to a better understanding of Einstein's theory of relativity concerning the interactions between charged particles and electromagnetic field, which proved useful in measuring and explaining the behavior of atomic and subatomic particles. He and Tomonaga came to this same conclusion working independently. For this, both were awarded the Nobel Prize. Born with an Ashkenazi Orthodox Jewish heritage, his Polish-born father and both grandfathers were in the female clothing manufacturing business. He had a keen mind for mathematics and physics, rapidly advanced through the New York City public school system. At the age of 14 years old, he entered the City College of New York, transferring to Columbia University, receiving his BA degree in 1936 and his doctorate in three years at the age of twenty. Studying under Isidor Rabi, his thesis was actually written when he was seventeen years old. At this point in his career, he accepted a two-year position as research associate under J. Robert Oppeheimer at the University of California at Berkeley. In 1941 he was an instructor, teaching elementary physics to engineering students at Purdue University and leaving there as Research Professor in Theoretical Physics. During World War II, he did research at Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago and at the Radiation Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1945 he joined the faculty of Harvard University as an associate professor of physics, and the next year was made full professor, which is one of the youngest in Harvard's history. In 1966 he became the Eugene Higgins professor of physics at Harvard, and in 1972 he became professor of physics at the University of California in Los Angeles. Besides the Nobel Prize, he received jointly the first Einstein Prize with Kurt Gödel in 1951, the United States National Medal of Science in 1964, honorary Doctorate of Science degrees from Purdue University in 1961 and Harvard University in 1962, the Golden Plate Award from the American Academy of Achievement in 1987, and the Nature of Light Award of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1949 along with being a member of this organization. In 1968 under the title "Discontinuities in Waveguides" he, along with David Saxon, published lectures that were given during World War II at the Radiation Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From a long list of publications, he wrote the text book "Particles Sources and Fields" in 1970 and "Einstein's Legacy" in 1986. As he aged, he enjoyed working alone, and his last research paper was published shortly before his death. As an academic adviser, he had a profound influence on physics since he taught more than 70 doctoral students, with three of them becoming Nobel Prize recipients, and more than 20 postdoctoral fellows, many of them becoming successful scientists in the next generation. He died of pancreatic cancer. He and his wife share a convex-shaped marker with their names inscribed on the curve of the stone. Also inscribed is his famous mathematical equation including the symbol Pi for calculation of the correction "anomalous" to the magnetic moment of the electron. The couple did not have children.