French Royalty. He was the second son of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (the oldest brother of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte) and Hortense de Beauharnais (the daughter of Josephine Bonaparte's 1st marriage), who reigned together as Louis I and Queen Consort of Holland from June 1806 until July 1810. Following the death of his older brother Charles in 1807, he became Prince Royal of Holland. From March1809 until December 1813 he served as Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves. In July 1810 his father abdicated his throne in favor of him and he ruled as King Louis II of Holland for only nine days before Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte annexed his kingdom into the French Empire. Following Emperor Napoleon defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815, he fled to Italy with his youngest brother Louis-Napoleon where they became involved with the Carbonari revolutionary society opposed to Austria's rule of northern Italy. In March 1831, upon fleeing Italy when opposing forces cracked down on their revolutionary activity, he contracted measles and died at the age of 26. His brother would later become President of the 2nd French Republic (1848 to 1852) and Emperor of the 2nd French Empire as Napoleon III (1852 to 1870).
French Royalty. He was the second son of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (the oldest brother of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte) and Hortense de Beauharnais (the daughter of Josephine Bonaparte's 1st marriage), who reigned together as Louis I and Queen Consort of Holland from June 1806 until July 1810. Following the death of his older brother Charles in 1807, he became Prince Royal of Holland. From March1809 until December 1813 he served as Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves. In July 1810 his father abdicated his throne in favor of him and he ruled as King Louis II of Holland for only nine days before Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte annexed his kingdom into the French Empire. Following Emperor Napoleon defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815, he fled to Italy with his youngest brother Louis-Napoleon where they became involved with the Carbonari revolutionary society opposed to Austria's rule of northern Italy. In March 1831, upon fleeing Italy when opposing forces cracked down on their revolutionary activity, he contracted measles and died at the age of 26. His brother would later become President of the 2nd French Republic (1848 to 1852) and Emperor of the 2nd French Empire as Napoleon III (1852 to 1870).
Bio by: William Bjornstad
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