Civil War Confederate Brigadier General. Born in Camden, South Carolina, he received a degree from South Carolina College, then studied law in Charleston and was admitted to the bar around 1834. He spent 2 terms in the state legislature, departing to enlist in the Palmetto Regiment during the Mexican War. Below the border he rose to Captain and was wounded in action, returning to settle on a plantation in Russell County, Alabama. When his state seceded, he was again in uniform, this time serving with the rank of Colonel in the 15th Alabama Infantry. The regiment was dispatched to Virginia, where it served under Major General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson during the 1862 Shenandoah Valley Campaign. At First Winchester, the Alabamians helped repel a Federal advance and at Cross Keys, the last engagement of the campaign, he and his regiment, part of Brigadier General Isaac Trimble's brigade, held a position so advanced that Major General John C. Fremont's Federals nearly cut off the regiment from Trimble's main force. Later in the day, his men won praise for flanking Fremont's left, striking his rear, rolling up his line, and chasing his men westward. On January 8, 1863, he was appointed Brigadier General. Transferred to Mobile, he organized a brigade of 3 Alabama regiments and 1 from Mississippi, leading this command with much success early in the Atlanta Campaign of 1864. That May his troops defended strategic Resaca, Georgia, against some 15,000 Federals of the Army of the Tennessee, under Major General James B. McPherson. For a time that summer, he led a division, then reverted to brigade command in the Army of Mississippi. He was absent for much of the fighting around Atlanta but returned to the field to serve under General John B. Hood during Hood's foray into Tennessee. Early in 1865 he aided General Joseph E. Johnston in opposing Sherman's invasion of the Carolinas. He saw his final battle at Bentonville, surrendering with Johnston 5 weeks later at Durham Station, North Carolina. Returning to his plantation, he resided in the Alabama hill country until his death at Fort Mitchell.